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Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus with alginate-chitosan improves probiotic potency in great sturgeon (Huso huso)

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Abstract

In this study, alginate and chitosan were used as encapsulation material via ionic gelation (IG) and internal emulsification (INE) methods to improve the efficacy of probiotic potency of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in Beluga (Huso huso) following dilatory administration of probiotics. Characterizations and ultrastructure of encapsulated bacteria were studied. Six hundred beluga (27.2 ± 2.8 g) were divided into five groups in triplicates. Group 1 received alginate/chitosan without L. bulgaricus food; groups 2 and 3 were fed with a basal diet supplemented with L. bulgaricus encapsulated via INE or IG methods, respectively. Group 4 was fed with a basal diet supplemented with L. bulgaricus, and group five was fed with a basal diet. Characterization of microcapsules, zeta potential, ultrastructure, and encapsulation rate of L. bulgaricus showed a well-capsulated, homogenous, and stable product. The survival rate of bacteria in the simulated GIT situation showed a significant increase in the survival rate of encapsulated bacteria compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Most of the hemato-immunological parameters of H. huso following dietary application of L. bulgaricus significantly improved in INE and IG groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Although food supplementation with non-capsulated L. bulgaricus significantly promotes growth performance indices in Beluga, encapsulated bacteria with alginate/chitosan did not affect growth indices compared to this group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, microencapsulation via both INE and IG methods effectively protects L. bulgaricus in GI and consequently improved most of the hematological and immunological parameters compared to free capsule bacteria. Growth indices, conversely, were not affected by both encapsulation methods probably because of the anti-nutritional effects of chitosan.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the below Google drive link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1hs8_90o_hx0qorBeJtIe6TjqPqUUQ1k0.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported financially by the Centre of Excellence for Warm Water Fish Health and disease, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Funding

This work was supported by the Research Council, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Seyed Samad Hosseini, Mojtaba Alishahi & Takavar Mohammadian

  2. Centre of Excellence for Warm Water Fish Health and Disease, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mojtaba Alishahi & Takavar Mohammadian

  3. Inland Waters Aquatics Stocks Research Center, Gorgan, Iran

    Kourosh Amini

  4. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Masoud Ghorbanpour

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  1. Seyed Samad Hosseini
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  5. Takavar Mohammadian
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Contributions

The authors of the manuscript certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work as mentioned: Seyed Samad Hosseini (1st author) was directly involved with the experiment, laboratory tests, data analysis, and writing the article during his dissertation procedure. Mojtaba Alishahi (2nd author).designed and planned the experiment and handled laboratory tests and encapsulation procedure. Kourosh Amini (third author) provided fish and rearing facilities, sampling, and intestinal bacterial culture. Ghorbanpour, Masoud (4th author) performed immunological and hematological indices. Takavar Mohammadian (5th author) contributed to the analysis of the results and the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mojtaba Alishahi.

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The in vivo phase of this experiment has been conducted as the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, Faculty of Veterinary, Shahid Chamran University, Iran (Approved No.: EE/1401.2.24.78971/SCU.ac.ir).

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Hosseini, S.S., Alishahi, M., Amini, K. et al. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus with alginate-chitosan improves probiotic potency in great sturgeon (Huso huso). Aquacult Int 30, 3247–3268 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-00959-8

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