Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of lipid sources and lipid peroxidation on feed intake, growth, and tissue fatty acid compositions of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

  • Published:
Aquaculture International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A 12-week growth trial was conducted to study the effects of replacement of fish oil (FO) with four alternative lipid sources (soybean oil, SO; beef tallow, BT; poultry fat, PF and; palm oil, PO, respectively) on the growth performance, feed intake (FI), and fatty acid (FA) composition in muscle and liver of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with initial body weight of 6.6 ± 0.01 g. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated and added with 5.5 % of each lipid sources, and FO was used as a control group. Until week 8 of the experiment, fish were fed on diets that were conserved at −20 °C, and fish were fed diets that oxidized at 28–30 °C with natural illumination for 4 weeks during 8–12 week. After 8 weeks of growth trial, specific growth rate and feed conversion of largemouth bass fed BT diet were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than that other dietary treatment (P < 0.05). The fish of PF group had the highest growth performance (P < 0.05). The lipid sources did not affected FI of largemouth bass (P > 0.05). However, growth performance precisely reversed during 8–12 week, and finally, no significant difference was found on growth during 1–12 week. The FA compositions of fish muscle and liver of each treatment reflected the corresponding dietary FA compositions. These results suggested that largemouth bass was sensitive to both of lipid sources and lipid oxidation. Fresh FO, SO, and PF could be optimal lipid sources. Likewise, slightly oxidation of these oils would negatively affected fish growth performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baker RTM, Davies SJ (1996) Oxidative nutritional stress associated with feeding rancid oils to African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) and the protective role of a-tocopherol. Aquac Res 27:795–803

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker RTM, Davies SJ (1997a) Modulation of tissue α-tocopherol in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), fed oxidized oils, and the compensatory effect of supplemental dietary vitamin E. Aquac Nutr 3:91–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker RTM, Davies SJ (1997b) Increased production of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) in catfish nutritionally stressed by the feeding of oxidized oils and the modulatory effect of dietary a-tocopherylacetate. J Fish Biol 49:748–752

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell JG, Castell JD, Tocher DR, MacDonald FM, Sargent JR (1995a) Effects of different arachidonic acid: docosahexanoic acid ratios on phospholipid fatty acid compositions and prostaglandin production in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish Physiol Biochem 14:139–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell MV, Batty RS, Dick JR, Fretwell K, Navarro JC, Sargent JR (1995b) Dietary deficiency of docosahexanoic acid impairs vision at low light intensities in juvenile herring (Clupea harengus L.). Lipids 30:373–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caballero MJ, Obach A, Rosenlund G, Montero D, Gisvold M, Izquierdo MS (2002) Impact of different dietary lipid sources on growth, lipid digestibility, tissue fatty acid composition and histology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 214:253–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Code of Federal Regulations, US. TITLE 21—food and drugs chapter I—Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. Subchapter—Animal drugs, feeds, and related products. Part 589—substances prohibited from use in animal food or feed

  • Connor WE (2000) Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 71:171S–175S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dosanjh BS, Higgs DA, Plotnikoff MD, McBride JR, Markert JR, Buckley JT (1988) Preliminary evaluation of canola oil, pork lard and marine oil singly and in combination as supplemental dietary lipid sources for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Aquaculture 68:325–345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du Z, Clouet P, Huang L, Degrace P, Zheng W, He J, Tian L, Liu Y (2008) Utilization of different dietary lipid sources at high level in herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): mechanism related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Aquac Nutr 14:77–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EC (2001) Prohibiting the use of certain animal by-products in animal feed. Official Journal of the European Communities, pp 16–17

  • Figueiredo-silva A, Rocha E, Dias J, Silva P, Rema P, Gomes E, Valente LMP (2005) Partial replacement of fish oil by soybean oil on lipid distribution and liver histology in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Aquac Nutr 11:147–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stannly GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. J Biol Chem 226:497–509

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca-Madrigal J, Karalazos V, Campbell PJ, Bell JG, Tocher DR (2005) Influence of dietary palm oil on growth, tissue fatty acid composition, and fatty acid metabolism in liver and intestine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac Nutr 11:241–250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fontagnéa S, Bazina D, Brèquea J, Vachota C, Bernardea C, Rouaultb T, Bergota P (2006) Effects of dietary oxidized lipid and vitamin A on the early development and antioxidant status of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) larvae. Aquaculture 257:400–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fountoulaki E, Alexis MN, Nengas I, Venou B (2003) Effects of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), on growth, body composition, and tissue fatty acid profile of gilthead bream fingerlings (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture 225:309–323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fountoulaki E, Vasilaki A, Hurtado R, Grigorakis K, Karacostas I, Nengas I, Rigos G, Kotzamanis Y, Venou B, Alexis MN (2009) Fish oil substitution by vegetable oils in commercial diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.); effects on growth performance, flesh quality and fillet fatty acid profile—recovery of fatty acid profiles by a fish oil finishing diet under fluctuating water temperatures. Aquaculture 289:317–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene DHS, Selivonchick DP (1990) Effects of dietary vegetable, animal and marine lipids on muscle lipid and hematology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 89:165–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy RW, Scott TM, Harrell LW (1987) Replacement of herring oil with menhaden oil, soybean oil, or tallow in the diets of Atlantic salmon raised in marine net-pens. Aquaculture 65:267–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson RJ, Tocher DR (1987) The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish. Prog Lipid Res 26:281–347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Izquierdo MS, Montero D, Robaina L, Caballero MJ, Rosenlund G, Ginés R (2005) Alterations in fillet fatty acid profile and flesh quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed vegetable oils for along term period. Recovery of fatty acid profiles by fish oil feeding. Aquaculture 250:431–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kestemont P, Vandeloise E, Mélard C, Fontaine P, Brown PB (2001) Growth and nutritional status of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis fed graded levels of dietary lipids with or without added ethoxyquin. Aquaculture 203:85–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolkovski S, Czesny S, Yackey C, Moreau R, Cihla F, Mahan D, Dabrowski K (2000) The effect of vitamin C and E in (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids-enriched Artemia nauplii on growth, survival and stress resistance of fresh water walleye Stizostedion vitreum larvae. Aquac Nutr 6:199–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laohabanjonga R, Tantikittib C, Benjakulc S, Supamattayab K, Boonyaratpalind M (2009) Lipid oxidation in fish meal stored under different conditions on growth, feed efficiency and hepatopancreatic cells of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture 286:283–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu KM, Barrows FT, Hardy RW, Dong FM (2004) Body composition, growth performance, and product quality of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) fed diets containing poultry fat, soybean/corn lecithin or menhaden oil. Aquaculture 238:309–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundebye AK, Berntssen MHG, Ritchie G, Isosaari P, Kiviranta H, Vartiainen T (2004) Dietary uptake of dioxins (PCDD/PCDFs) and dioxin-like PCBs in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquac Nutr 10:199–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen L, Rustan AC, Vaagenes H, Berge K, Dyroy E, Berge RK (1999) Eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid affect mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in relation to substrate preference. Lipids 34:951–963

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller MR, Nichols PD, Carter CG (2007) Replacement of dietary fish oil for Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.) with a stearidonic acid containing oil has no effect on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations. Comp Biochem Physiol 146B:197–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MOA-China (2004) Regulation No. 40/2004 of the Ministry of Agriculture, the People’s Republic of China. Specific hygiene rules on the animal by-products in animal feed

  • Montero D, Robaina MJ, Caballero R, Gines R, Izquierdo MS (2005) Growth, feed utilization and flesh quality of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed diets containing vegetable oils: a time-course study on the effect of a re-feeding period with a 100% fish oil diet. Aquaculture 248:121–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mourente G, Bell JG (2006) Partial replacement of dietary fish oil with blends of vegetable oils (rapeseed, linseed and palm oils) in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) over a long term growth study: effects on muscle and liver fatty acid composition and effectiveness of a fish oil finishing diet. Comp Biochem Physiol 145B:389–399

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mourente G, Tocher DR, Sargent JR (1991) Specific accumulation of docosahexanoic acid in brain lipids during development of juvenile turbot (Scophthamus maximus L.). Lipids 26:871–877

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murata H, Yamauchi K (1990) Relationship between the 2-thiobarbituric acid values and polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrations of some tissues from cultured red sea breams. Nippon Suisan Gakkai Shi 56:761–764

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ng WK, Lim PK, Boey PL (2003a) Dietary lipid and palm oil source affects growth, fatty acid composition and muscle a-tocopherol concentration of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquaculture 215:229–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ng WK, Campbell PJ, Dick JR, Bell GJ (2003b) Interactive effects of dietary palm oil concentration and water temperature on lipid digestibility in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Lipids 38:1031–1038

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng S, Chen L, Qin JG, Hou J, Yu N, Long Z, Li E, Ye J (2009) Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, lipid peroxidation and tissue fatty acid composition of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) fed oxidized fish oil. Aquac Nutr 15:329–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piedecausa MA, Mazón MJ, García García B, Hernández MD (2007) Effects of total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils in the diets of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo). Aquaculture 263:211–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Regost C, Arzel J, Robin J, Rosenlund G, Kaushik SJ (2003) Total replacement of fish oil by soybean or linseed oil with a return to fish oil in turbot (Psetta maxima) 1. Growth performance, flesh fatty acid profile, and lipid metabolism. Aquaculture 217:465–482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes JL, Hernández ME, Meléndez E, Gómez-lojero C (1995) Inhibitory effect of the antioxidant ethoxyquin on electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biochem Pharmacol 49:283–289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richard N, Mourente G, Kaushik S, Corraze G (2006) Replacement of a large portion of fish oil by vegetable oils does not a ectlipogenesis, lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture 261:1077–1087

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santha NC, Ackman RG (1990) Nervonic acid versus tricosanoic acid as internal standards in quantitative gas chromatographic analyses of fish oil longer-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. J Chromatogr Biomed Appl 533:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargent JR, Bell JG, McEvoy L, Tocher DR, Estevez A (1999) Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture 177:191–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sargent J, Tocher DR, Bell JG (2002) The lipids. In: Halver JE (ed) Fish nutrition, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London, pp 181–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Shantha NC, Decker EA (1994) Rapid, sensitive, iron-based spectrophotometric methods for determination of peroxide values of food lipids. J AOAC Int 77:421–424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simopoulus AP (1999) Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Nutr 70:560S–569S

    Google Scholar 

  • Subhadra B, Lochmann R, Rawles S, Chen R (2006) Effect of dietary lipid source on the growth, tissue composition and hematological parameters of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Aquaculture 255:210–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiex NJ, Manson H, Anderson S, Persson J (2002) Determination of crude protein in animal feed, forage, grain, and oilseeds by using block digestion with a copper catalyst and steam distillation into boric acid: collaborative study. J AOAC Int 85:309–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tocher DR, Mourente G, Van der Eecken A, Evjemo JO, Diaz E, Wille M, Bell JG, Olsen Y (2003) Comparative study of antioxidant defence mechanisms in marine fish fed variable levels of oxidised oil and vitamin E. Aquac Int 11:195–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turchini GM, Mentasti T, Froyland L, Orban E, Caprino F, Moretti VM, Valfre F (2003) Effects of alternative lipid sources on performance, tissue chemical composition, and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capabilities and sensory characteristics in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Aquaculture 225:251–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J (2010) Effects of ethoxyquin, oxidized fish oil and chromium polynicotinate on the growth performance and their (or metabolites) residues in tissues of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) and Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Doctor thesis of Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China, pp 47–68

  • Wang J, Ai Q, Mai K, Xu W, Xu H, Zhang W, Wang X, Liufu Z (2010) Effects of dietary ethoxyquin on growth performance and body composition of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. Aquaculture 306:80–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster CD, Lovell RT (1990) Response of striped bass larvae fed brine shrimp from different sources containing different fatty acid compositions. Aquaculture 90:49–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue M, Luo L, Wu X, Ren Z, Gao P, Yu Y, Pearl G (2006) Effects of six alternative lipid sources on growth and tissue fatty acid composition in Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Aquaculture 260:206–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China Project No. 31072220, 31101907. The Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203015) and the 12th 5-year National Key Technologies R&D Program Project No. 2011BAD26B04.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Biao Yun, Min Xue, Jia Wang, Zhi-ying Fan, Xiu-Feng Wu, Yin-Hua Zheng & Yu-Chang Qin

  2. Aquaculture Research Center, Beijing Enhalor Biotechnique Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Yin-Hua Zheng

  3. The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Biao Yun

Authors
  1. Biao Yun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Min Xue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jia Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhi-ying Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiu-Feng Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yin-Hua Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yu-Chang Qin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Min Xue.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yun, B., Xue, M., Wang, J. et al. Effects of lipid sources and lipid peroxidation on feed intake, growth, and tissue fatty acid compositions of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Aquacult Int 21, 97–110 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-012-9538-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-012-9538-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation