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HTLV-1 and apoptosis: role in cellular transformation and recent advances in therapeutic approaches

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Abstract

A universal cellular defense mechanism against viral invasion is the elimination of infected cells through apoptotic cell death. To counteract host defenses many viruses have evolved complex apoptosis evasion strategies. The oncogenic human retrovirus HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of adult-T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the neurodegenerative disease known as HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The poor prognosis in HTLV-1-induced ATLL is linked to the resistance of neoplastic T cells against conventional therapies and the immuno-compromised state of patients. Nevertheless, several studies have shown that the apoptotic pathway is largely intact and can be reactivated in ATLL tumor cells to induce specific killing. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by HTLV-1 to counteract cellular death pathways remains an important challenge for future therapies and the treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr. V. Ciminale (Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy); Dr. J. Semmes (Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA); Dr. J.M. Mesnard (Laboratoire Infections Rétrovirales et Signalisation Cellulaire, CNRS/UM I UMR 5121/IFR 122, Institut de Biologie, 34000 Montpellier, France) for kindly providing pictures for cellular localization of p13, Tax and HBZ, respectively. This work was supported by grants CA106258 and CA115398 from the National cancer Institute to C. Nicot.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3025 Wahl Hall West, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA

    John M. Taylor & Christophe Nicot

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Taylor, J.M., Nicot, C. HTLV-1 and apoptosis: role in cellular transformation and recent advances in therapeutic approaches. Apoptosis 13, 733–747 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-008-0208-7

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