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Isolation and characterization of two acaricidal compounds from Calpurnia aurea subsp. aurea (Fabaceae) leaf extract

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Abstract

The menace caused by ticks and tick-borne diseases is a major limitation to the livestock industry in Africa. The high costs and non-availability of synthetic, chemical acaricides to resource-limited farmers, resistance of ticks to available acaricides and residue problems in meat and milk consumed by humans further complicate matters. The use of plant extracts as a possible source of new acaricides has received much interest in the last decade. In our endeavour to discover natural acaricidal compounds, tick toxicant bioassays were conducted and the chloroform fraction of Calpurnia aurea ethanol leaf extract had good acaricidal activity. Further purification of the fraction revealed two flavonoids, isolated from C. aurea for the first time. These flavonoids were characterized as apigenin-7-O-β-d-glycoside and isorhoifolin by means of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometry analysis. Isorhoifolin was the most potent compound (LC50 = 0.65 mg/ml), was not cytotoxic and should be further investigated for its potential as an acaricidal agent.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Technology Innovation Agency in conjunction with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University of Pretoria and the Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Foundation is thankfully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa

    Olubukola T. Adenubi, Muna Ali Abdalla, Aroke S. Ahmed, Emmanuel M. Njoya, Lyndy J. McGaw & Jacobus N. Eloff

  2. Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa

    Vinny Naidoo

  3. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Alabata, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Olubukola T. Adenubi

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  1. Olubukola T. Adenubi
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  2. Muna Ali Abdalla
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  4. Emmanuel M. Njoya
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Correspondence to Olubukola T. Adenubi.

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Adenubi, O.T., Ali Abdalla, M., Ahmed, A.S. et al. Isolation and characterization of two acaricidal compounds from Calpurnia aurea subsp. aurea (Fabaceae) leaf extract. Exp Appl Acarol 75, 345–354 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0269-4

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