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Morphological and molecular identification of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Nigeria, West Africa: a threat to livestock health

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Abstract

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was first reported in West Africa in Ivory Coast, in 2007. Since then it has made an aggressive eastward advancement having been reported in four other West African countries: Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo and Benin. We herein report the first molecular identification of this tick species in Nigeria, West Africa, and highlight the threat it poses to livestock health. A nation-wide tick survey was conducted in 12 out of 36 states across the various agro ecological zones of Nigeria over a 1 year period (April 2014–March 2015). In total 1498 ticks belonging to three genera collected from cattle were morphologically identified. Overall, Amblyomma species constituted the highest percentage of sampled ticks, 50.2% (752/1498), followed by Rhipicephalus (including the subgenus Boophilus) species, 29.4% (440/1498) and Hyalomma species, 20.4% (306/1498). The presence of Rh. (B.) microplus was identified morphologically from four out of the 12 states. This finding was confirmed for the first time in Nigeria using a molecular method targeting the ITS-2 region of the ticks in three of the 12 states. This study ascertained the presence of Rh. (B.) microplus in Nigeria in addition to a broad variety of cattle tick species, most of which are of veterinary importance. The implication of this finding is that there may be additional economic burden to livestock farmers due to increased cost of tick control occasioned by the acaricide resistance by this tick species widely reported from different climes. Additionally, there may be a potential upsurge in incidence of hemoparasitic infections in cattle leading to increased morbidity, cost of treatment and mortalities.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the following; Drs Mshelbwala FM, Yidawi JP, Dashe YGD, Damina MS, Tafarki AE, Atuman YJ, Qasim MM, Ta’ama L, Sada A, Okosi RI, Ugwu IP, and Shekaro A for facilitating the ticks sample collections. We are equally grateful to Uilenberg G for his comments and suggestions to the initial draft of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria

    J. Kamani

  2. United States National Tick Collection, The James H. Oliver, Jr. Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8056, USA

    D. A. Apanaskevich

  3. Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

    R. Gutiérrez, Y. Nachum-Biala, G. Baneth & S. Harrus

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  1. J. Kamani
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Kamani, J., Apanaskevich, D.A., Gutiérrez, R. et al. Morphological and molecular identification of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Nigeria, West Africa: a threat to livestock health. Exp Appl Acarol 73, 283–296 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-017-0177-z

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