Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fungal diversity from western redcedar fences and their resistance to β-thujaplicin

  • Published:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The work reported here investigated the fungal community inhabiting western redcedar fence material with a focus on species colonizing wood below the surface, of which little is known. From seven pieces of fence material, twenty-three different fungal species were isolated and characterized using both traditional morphology and molecular identification methods. The species identified included thirteen ascomycetous and ten basidiomycetous fungi. Isolates were tested for their resistance to β-thujaplicin - one of the principle fungicidal agents of western redcedar heartwood extractives. Generally, ascomycetous fungi exhibited greater resistance to β-thujaplicin than basidiomycetous fungi. Interestingly, three ascomycetous and two basidiomycetous species frequently isolated had high tolerance to this compound. These species could be candidate ’pioneer’ species that invade and detoxify western redcedar extractives, paving the way for colonization by decay fungi.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • T.R. Allen T. Millar S.M. Berch M.L. Berbee (2003) ArticleTitleCulturing and direct DNA extraction find different fungi from the same ericoid mycorrhizal roots New Phytologist 160 255–272 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXot1Wiur4%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Arima Y. Nakai R. Hayakawa T. Nishino (2003) ArticleTitleAntibacterial effect of beta-thujaplicin on staphylococci isolated from atopic dermatitis: relationship between changes in the number of viable bacterial cells and clinical improvement in an eczematous lesion of atopic dermatitis J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 51 113–122 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpslOgsLk%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J.A. Arx von (1981) The genera of fungi sporulating in pure culture J. Cramer Vaduz, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • H.L. Barnett B.B. Hunter (1987) Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi Macmillan Inc. New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • G.L. Barron (1962) ArticleTitleNew species and records of Oidiodendron Can. J. Bot. 40 589–607 Occurrence Handle10.1139/b62-125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.A. Butcher (1968) ArticleTitleThe ecology of fungi infecting untreated and preservative treated sapwood of Pinus radiata Can. J. Bot. 46 1577–1589 Occurrence Handle10.1139/b68-219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.W. Carmichael W.B. Kendrick I.L. Conners L. Sigler (1980) Genera of Hyphomycetes The University of Alberta Press Edmonton, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • T.R. Cech (1988) ArticleTitleConserved sequences and structures of Group I introns: building an active sites for RNA catalysis Gene 73 259–271 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0378-1119(88)90492-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhsVyku7o%3D Occurrence Handle3072259

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C.G.C. Chesters (1950) ArticleTitleOn the succession of microfungi associated with the decay of logs and branches Trans. Lincs. Natl. Union 12 129–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Clubbe C.P. and Levy J.F. 1977. Isolation and identification of the fungal flora in treated wood. Revised technique. International Research Group on Wood Preservation Document No. IRG/WP/159.

  • G.T. Cole B. Kendrick (1973) ArticleTitleTaxonomic studies of Phialophora Mycologia 65 661–688

    Google Scholar 

  • N.H. Corbett J.F. Levy (1963) ArticleTitleEcological studies on fungi associated with wooden fence posts Brit.Wood Pres. Assoc. News Sheet No. 27 1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • K.H. Domsch W. Gams T.H. Anderson (1980) Compendium of soil fungi, Vols. I and II Academic Press New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Dujon (1989) ArticleTitleGroup I introns as mobile genetic elements: facts and mechanistic speculations - a review Gene 82 91–114 Occurrence Handle2555264 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXmtV2kurg%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C.G. Duncan (1960) Wood-attacking capacity and physiology of soft-rot fungi, Report No. 2173 U.S. For. Prod. Lab. Madison, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Eaton M.D.C. Hale (1993) Wood Decay Pests and Protection.Chapman and Hall London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • M.B. Ellis (1971) Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Comm. Mycol. Inst. Kew Surrey England, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Erdtman J. Gripenberg (1948) ArticleTitleAntibiotic substances from the heartwood of Thuja plicata Don Nature 161 719 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaH1cXjtF2rtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle18860272

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • W.E. Eslyn (1970) ArticleTitleUtility poles decay Part II. Basidiomycetes associated with decay in poles. Wood Sci. Tech. 4 91–103

    Google Scholar 

  • W.E. Eslyn T.H. Highley (1976) ArticleTitleDecay resistance and susceptibility of sapwood of fifteen tree species Phytopathol. 66 1010–1017 Occurrence Handle10.1094/Phyto-66-1010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W.P.K. Findlay (1966) ArticleTitleEcology of wood-destroying and wood-inhabiting fungi Material u. Organismen Beih. 1 199–211

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Gams (2000) ArticleTitlePhialophora and some similar morphologically little-differentiated anamorphs of divergent ascomycetes Stud. Mycol. 45 187–199

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Gardes T.D. Bruns (1993) ArticleTitleITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts Mol. Ecol. 2 113–118 Occurrence Handle8180733 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlslOmsro%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.L. Gilbertson (1974) Fungi that decay ponderosa pine Univ. Arizona Press Tucson, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginns J.H. (1986). Compendium of plant disease and decay fungi in Canada 1960-1980. Agric. Canada, Publ. No. 1813.

  • T.R. Horton T.D. Bruns (2001) ArticleTitleThe molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking into the black-box Mol. Ecol. 10 1855–1871 Occurrence Handle11555231 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmslyhtr8%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt J., Boddy L., Randerson P.F. and Rogers H.J. 2004. An evaluation of 18S rDNA approaches for the study of fungal diversity in grassland soils. Microbial Ecology. in press

  • Y. Inamori S. Shinohara H. Tsujibo T. Okabe Y. Morita Y. Sakagami Y. Kumeda K. Ishida (1999) ArticleTitleAntimicrobial Activity and metalloprotease inhibition of hinokitiol-related compounds, the constituents of Thujopsis dolabrata S. and Z Hondae Mak. Biol. Pharm. Bull 22 990–993 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmtFCmt7s%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Inamori Y. Sakagami Y. Morita M. Shibata M. Sugiura Y. Kumeda T. Okabe H. Tsujibo K. Ishida (2000) ArticleTitleAntifungal Activity of hinokitiol-related compounds on wood-rotting fungi and their insecticidal activities Biol. Pharm. Bull. 23 995–997 Occurrence Handle10963310 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsFamsL0%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin L. (1987). Detoxification of Thujaplicins in living western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn.) PhD Thesis, University of British Columbia, Canada

  • L. Jin B.J. Vander Kamp J. Wilson E.P. Swan (1988) ArticleTitleBiodegradation of thujaplicins in living Western Red Cedar Can. J. For. Res. 18 782–786 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlsVKntLg%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A. Käärik (1980) ArticleTitleFungi causing sap stain in wood The Swedish University of Agricultural Science. Report Nr. R. 114 112

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Kernaghan L. Sigler D. Khasa (2003) ArticleTitleMycorrhizal and root endophytic fungi of containerized Picea glauca seedlings assessed by rDNA sequence analysis Microbiol Ecology 45 128–136 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhvVyru7s%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B.R. Kropp M.E. Corden (1986) ArticleTitleMorphology and taxonomy of Pachnocybe ferruginea Mycologia 78 334–342

    Google Scholar 

  • J.S. Lee K.S. Ko H.S. Jung (2000) ArticleTitlePhylogenetic analysis of Xylaria based on nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8-ITS2 sequences. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 187 89–93 Occurrence Handle10828406 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjsVGitL0%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P.A. Lemke (1964) ArticleTitleThe genus Aleurodiscus (sensu stricto) in North America Can. J. Bot. 42 213–282 Occurrence Handle10.1139/b64-021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H MacLean J.A.F. Gardner (1956) ArticleTitleDistribution of fungicidal extractives (thujaplicin and water soluble phenols) in western redcedar heartwood For. Prod. J. 6 510–516

    Google Scholar 

  • D.J. McLaughlin M.E. Berres L.J. Szabo (1995) ArticleTitleMolecules and morphology in Basidiomycete phylogeny Can. J. Bot. 73 IssueID(Suppl. 1 S684–S692 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsVOq

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D.S. Meredith (1960) ArticleTitleFurther observations on fungi inhabiting pine stumps Ann. Bot. 24 63–78

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Monreal S.M. Berch M. Berbee (1999) ArticleTitleMolecular diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi Can. J. Bot. 77 1580–1594 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhvVyisbw%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.T. Moore (1987) ArticleTitleMicromorphology of yeasts and yeast-like fungi and its taxonomic implications Stud. Mycol. 30 203–226

    Google Scholar 

  • J.J. Morrell C.M. Freitag C. Eddington (2001) ArticleTitleEffect of preservative treatment on survival of fungi in Western Red Cedar utility poles For. Prod. J. 59 69–72

    Google Scholar 

  • K.K. Nakasone (1990) ArticleTitleCultural studies and identification of woodinhabiting Corticiaceae and selected Hymenomycetes from North America Mycol. Mem. 15 1–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Nault J. (1986). Radial distribution of thujaplicins and thujic acid in old growth and second growth Wester Red Cedar. MSc. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Canada.

  • M.K. Nobles (1965) ArticleTitleIdentification of cultures of wood inhabiting Hymenomycetes Can. J. Bot. 43 1097–1139

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Oberwinkler R.J. Bandoni (1982) ArticleTitleA taxonomic survey of the gasteroid, auricularioid heterobasidiomycetes Can. J. Bot. 60 1726–1750

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Rennerfelt (1948) ArticleTitleInvestigations of thujaplicin, a fungicidal substance in the heartwood of Thuja plicata D. Don. Physiologia Palntarum 1 245–254 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaH1MXhvVektg%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T.C. Scheffer B.S. Goodell F.F. Lombard (1984) ArticleTitleFungi and decay in western redcedar utility poles Wood Fiber Sci. 16 543–548

    Google Scholar 

  • M.B. Schol-Schwarz (1970) ArticleTitleRevision of the genus Phialophora (Moniliales) Persoonia 6 59–94

    Google Scholar 

  • A.L. Shigo (1967) ArticleTitleSuccession of organisms in discoloration and decay of wood Int. Rev. For. Res. 2 237–299

    Google Scholar 

  • R.S. Smith D.W. Swan (1975) ArticleTitleColonisation of western red cedar shingles and shakes by fungi Material u. Organismen Beih. 3 253–262

    Google Scholar 

  • J.A. Stalpers (1978) ArticleTitleIdentification of wood-inhabiting fungi in pure culture Stud. Mycol. 16 1–248

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Tedersoo U. Kõljalg N. Hallenberg K.-H. Larsson (2003) ArticleTitleFine scale distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi and roots across substrate layers including coarse woody debris in a mixed forest New Phytologist 159 153–165 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlslalt7s%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T.J. Trust R.W. Coombs (1973) ArticleTitleAntibacterial activity of β-thujaplicin Can. J. Microbiol. 19 1341–1346 Occurrence Handle4588652 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXnvVOgtQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1139/m73-216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B.J. Van der Kamp (1975) ArticleTitleThe distribution of microorganism associated with decay of western redcedar Can. J. For. Res. 5 61–67

    Google Scholar 

  • W.F. Walker (1984) ArticleTitle5S rRNA sequences from Atractiellales, and basidiomycetous yeasts and fungi imperfecti Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 5 352–359 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXhtVygtrY%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C.J.K. Wang (1965) Fungi of pulp and paper in New York State Univ. Coll. For. Tech. Pub. 87. Syracuse New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • C.J.K. Wang R.A. Zabel (1990) Identification manual for fungi from utility poles in the eastern united states Allen Press Inc. Lawrence, KS, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren G.R. and Marshall J.W. 1986. Newfounland and Labrador hydroutility pole study II. Fungi isolated from treated transmission utility poles of the Avalon Penisula. Canadian Forestry Service, St. John’s, Newfoundland, file report: Study 2760-95.

  • J.D. Wethern (1959) ArticleTitlePulp and chemical potential for western red cedar utilization For. Prod. J. 9 308–313

    Google Scholar 

  • T.J. White T.D. Bruns S.B. Lee J.W. Taylor (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics M.A. Innis D.H. Gelfand J.J. Sninisky T.J. White (Eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press New York 315–322

    Google Scholar 

  • S.G.R. Wirsel W. Leibinger M. Ernst K. Mendgen (2001) ArticleTitleGenetic diversity of fungi closely associated with common reed New Phylologist 149 589–598 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXis1ansL8%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Yu T.E.J- K.N. Egger R.L. Peterson (2001) ArticleTitleEctendomycorrhizal associations-characteristics and functions Mycorrhiza 11 167–177 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s005720100110 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmt1agsL4%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Zabel F.F. Lombard C.J.K. Wang F. Terracina (1985) ArticleTitleFungi associated with decay in treated southern pine utility poles in the eastern United States Wood Fiber Sci. 17 75–91 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXht1OisLo%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2900-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Young Woon Lim, Jae-Jin Kim, Russell Chedgy & Colette Breuil

  2. Forintek Canada Corp., 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1W5

    Paul I. Morris

Authors
  1. Young Woon Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jae-Jin Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Russell Chedgy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Paul I. Morris
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Colette Breuil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Colette Breuil.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lim, Y.W., Kim, JJ., Chedgy, R. et al. Fungal diversity from western redcedar fences and their resistance to β-thujaplicin. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 87, 109–117 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-004-1729-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-004-1729-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation