Skip to main content
Log in

Fully integrated Doherty power amplifier in CMOS 65 nm with constant PAE in Backoff

  • Published:
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Design methodology and measurements results are presented for a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) fully integrated with its input/output network matching and choke inductances in 65 nm CMOS technology with constant PAE over a 7 dB backoff. Measurements from 2.4 to 2.6 GHz show constant PAE performance starting in 20 % level up to 24 % with a maximum output power of 23.4 dBm. The circuit is fully described with all components values and layout details for further reproduction. Performance graphs showing the active load-pull effect, sub-amplifiers behavior and constant PAE prove that it is a real DPA with all effects as known by the theory. The circuit is composed by only lumped components, each sub-amplifier has cascode topology and their input/output networks are optimized to save die area and to produce a constant PAE.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Varshney, U. (2012). 4G Wireless networks. In IT Professional. IEEE Computer Society, Volume 14.

  2. McCune, E. (2010). Modern wireless signals. In 75th Microwave Measurements Conference (ARFTG), Anahein, CA, USA.

  3. Onizuka, K., Saigusa, S., & Otaka, S. (2012). A +30.5 dBm CMOS Doherty power amplifier with reliability enhancement technique. In Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers, Honolulu, Hawai.

  4. Ekstrm, H., Furuskr, A., Karlsson, J., Meyer, M., Parkvall, S., Torsner, J., et al. (2006). Technical solutions for the 3G long-term evolution. IEEE Communications Magazine, 44(3), 38–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Elmala, M., Paramesh, J., & Soumyanath, K. (2006). A 90-nm CMOS Doherty power amplifier with minimum AM-PM distortion. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 41(6), 1323–1332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kaymaksut, E., Franois, B., & Reynaert, P. (2010). Analysis and design of series combining transformers for integrated Doherty power amplifiers. Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (pp. 1621–1624). Japan: Yokohama.

  7. Kaymaksut, E., & Reynaert, P. (2011). CMOS transformer-based uneven Doherty power amplifier for WLAN applications. Proceedings of the ESSCIRC (pp. 135–138). Finland: Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cripps, S. C. (2006). RF power amplifiers for wireless communications (2nd ed.). Boston: Artech House microwave library.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Carneiro, M. L., de Carvalho, P. H. P., Deltimple, N., da, L., Brito, C., de Menezes, L. R. A. X., Kerhervé, E. (2011). Doherty amplifier optimization using robust genetic algorithm and unscented transform. In IEEE 9th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS), Bordeaux, France.

  10. Carneiro, M. L., Deltimple, N., Belot, D., de Carvalho, P.H.P., Kerhervé, E. (2013). A 2.535 GHz fully integrated Doherty power amplifier in CMOS 65nm with constant PAE in backoff. In 4th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS), Cusco, Peru.

  11. Aloui, S., Kerhervé, E., Bégueret, J. B., Plana, R., Belot, D. (2009). Optimized pad design for millimeter-wave applications with a 65 nm CMOS RF technology. In Proceedings of the 39th European Microwave Conference, Rome, Italy.

  12. Kawamura, T., Kishiyama, Y., Higuchi, K., Sawahashi, M. (2006). Comparisons of 16QAM modulation schemes considering PAPR for single-carrier FDMA radioaccess in evolved UTRA uplink. In IEEE 9th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, Manaus, Brazil.

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank STMicroelectronics and CAPES/COFECUB program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcos L. Carneiro.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Carneiro, M.L., Kerhervé, E., Deltimple, N. et al. Fully integrated Doherty power amplifier in CMOS 65 nm with constant PAE in Backoff. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 82, 89–97 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-014-0451-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-014-0451-5

Keywords

Navigation