Skip to main content
Log in

Small Shoes, Big Steps! Empowering Children as Active Researchers

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
American Journal of Community Psychology

Abstract

The concept of children as researchers has gained credence in response to changing perspectives on their status in society, recognition of their role as consumers and increased attention to children’s rights. While this has led to greater involvement of children as participant and co-researchers, research led by children—research they design, carry out and disseminate themselves with adult support rather than adult management—is still relatively rare. Children designing and leading their own research opens up new protagonist frontiers. Children are party to the subculture of childhood which gives them a unique “insider” perspective critical to our understanding of their worlds. Child-to-child enquiry generates different data from adult-to-child enquiry because children observe with different eyes, ask different questions and communicate in fundamentally different ways. This paper explores some of the issues in empowering children as active researchers and draws on theory relating to participation, empowerment, voice and emancipation. Its primary focus is to celebrate and value children’s own research and includes the full text of an original research study by an 11-year-old girl.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alderson, P., & Morrow, V. (2004). Ethics, social research and consulting with children and young people (2nd ed.). Ilford: Barnado’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archard, D. (2004). Children: Rights and childhood. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett Woodhouse, B. (2003). Enhancing children’s participation in policy formulation. Arizona Law Review, 45, 750–763.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, L., & Brannen, M. (2005). Promoting the human rights of children and young people. Adoption and Fostering, 29(1), 78–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, P., & Prout, A. (2002). Working with ethical symmetry in social research with children. Childhood, 9(4), 477–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coad, J., & Lewis, A. (2004). Engaging children and young people in research: Literature review for the national evaluation of the Children’s Fund (NECF). http://www.necf.org/core_files/Elicitingchdrnsviewsjanecoadannlewisoct2004.doc.

  • Cockburn, T. (2005). Children’s participation in social policy: Inclusion, chimera or authenticity? Social Policy and Society, 4(2), 109–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, H. (1996). The history of childhood. In C. P. Hwang, M. E. Lamb, & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Images of childhood (pp. 27–35). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driskell, D. (2002). Creating better cities with children and young people: A manual for participation. Paris: UNESCO with Earthscan Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fielding, M. (2004). Transformative approaches to student voice. British Educational Research Journal, 30(2), 295–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, E. (2005). How children feel about their local housing estates. http://childrens-research-centre.open.ac.uk.

  • Franklin, B. (2002). Children’s rights and media wrongs: changing representations of children and the developing rights agenda. In B. Franklin (Ed.), The new handbook of children’s rights: Comparative policy and practice (pp. 15–43). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority (1985). 3 All ER 402 HL http://www.lawcampus.butterworths.com/student/Lev3/weblinked_books/fortin/dataitem.asp?ID=12595&tid=7.

  • Graham, A., & Fitzgerald, R. (2008). Conversations with children: theoretical possibilities for progressing participation. Paper presented at the child and youth research in the 21st century: A critical appraisal international conference. European University, Nicosia: Cyprus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griesel, R. D., & Swart-Kruger, J. (1999). An assessment of the impact of the growing up in cities project on children in Johannesburg. South Africa. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R. (1992). Children’s participation: From tokenism to citizenship. Florence: UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, S. (2002). Making sure the child’s voice is heard. International Review of Education, 43(3–4), 251–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M., Davis, J., Prout, A., & Tisdall, K. (2004). Moving the participation agenda forward. Children and Society, 18, 77–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyder, T. (2002). Making it happen: Young children’s rights in action. In B. Franklin (Ed.), The new handbook of children’s rights: Comparative policy and practice (pp. 311–327). London, New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellett, M. (2002). Empowering able 10-year-olds as active researchers. Paper presented at Annual Conference of the British Educational Research Association. Edinburgh: Herriot Watt University.

  • Kellett, M. (2003). Enhancing pupils’ learning skills through their engagement with research process. Paper presented at Research in Practice Conference, Westminister Institute of Education: Oxford.

  • Kellett, M. (2005a). Developing children as researchers: Step-by-step guidance to teaching the research process. London: Paul Chapman Publishers.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kellett, M. (2005b). Children as active researchers: A new research paradigm for the 21st century? Published online by ESRC National Centre for Research Methods, NCRM/003 www.ncrm.ac.uk/publications.

  • Kellett, M., & Dar, A. (2007). Children researching links between poverty and Literacy. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellett, M., Forrest, R., Dent, N., & Ward, S. (2004). Just teach us the skills please, we’ll do the rest’: Empowering 10-year-olds as active researchers. Children and Society, 18(5), 329–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, P., Lanyon, C., Cronin, K., & Sinclair, R. (2003). Building a culture of participation: Involving children and young people in policy, service planning, delivery and evaluation. London: Department for Education and Skills.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lansdown, G. (2002). Promoting children’s participation in democratic decision-making. Florence: Innocenti Research Centre, UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lensmire, T. (1998). Rewriting student voice. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 30(3), 261–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundy, L. (2007). ‘Voice’ is not enough: Conceptualising Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. British Educational Research Journal, 33(6), 927–942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayall, B. (2000). Conversations with children: Working with generational issues. In P. Christensen & A. James (Eds.), Research with children: Perspectives and practices (pp. 120–135). London: Routledge Falmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maybin, J. (2001). Language, struggle and voice: The Bakhtin/Volosinov writings. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, & S. Yates (Eds.), Discourse theory and practice (pp. 64–72). London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. (1997). Never too young: How young children can take responsibility and make decisions. London: Early Years Network in Association with Save the Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pridmore, P. (1998). Ladders of participation. In V. Johnson, E. Ivan-Smith, G. Gordon, P. Pridmore, & P. Scott (Eds.), Stepping forwards: Children and young people’s participation in the development process. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, N., & Ratna, R. (2002). A journey in children’s participation. Bangalore: The Concerned for Working Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shier, H. (2001). Pathways to participation: Openings, opportunities and obligations. Children and Society, 15(2), 107–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, T. (2008). Research with children and young people: Exploring the tensions between ethics, competence and participation. Children’s Geographies, 6(1), 21–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solberg, A. (1996). The challenge in child research from “being” to “doing”. In J. Brannen & M. O’Brien (Eds.), Children in families: Research and policy (pp. 53–65). London: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Treseder, P. (1997). Empowering children and young people. London: Save the Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). Geneva: United Nations.

  • Waksler, F. C. (1991). Studying the social worlds of children: Sociological readings. London: Falmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • WeCan2 (2008). http://childrens-research-centre.open.ac.uk.

  • Woodhead, M., & Faulkner, D. (2000). Subjects, objects or participants? Dilemmas of psychological research with children. In P. Christensen & A. James (Eds.), Research with children: Perspectives and practice (pp. 9–35). London: RoutlegeFalmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyness, M. (2006). Children, young people and civic participation: Regulation and local diversity. Educational Review, 58(2), 209–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary Kellett.

Additional information

Featuring an original research study by Manasa Patil aged 11.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kellett, M. Small Shoes, Big Steps! Empowering Children as Active Researchers. Am J Community Psychol 46, 195–203 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-010-9324-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-010-9324-y

Keywords

Navigation