Abstract
There is a strong need to connect agricultural research to social movements and community-based food system reform efforts. Participatory research methods are a powerful tool, increasingly used to give voice to communities overlooked by academia or marginalized in the broader food system. Plant breeding, as a field of research and practice, is uniquely well-suited to participatory project designs, since the basic process of observing and selecting plants for desirable traits is accessible to participants without formal plant breeding training. The challenge for plant breeders engaged in participatory research is to consider not only how their work incorporates farmer input in developing new varieties, but also how it interacts with broader questions of food sovereignty, food justice, diversity and democratization in the food system. This article examines these issues in the context of the Seed to Kitchen Collaborative, a participatory variety evaluation and breeding project at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alkon, A.H. 2013. Food justice, food sovereignty and the challenge of neoliberalism. In Food sovereignty: a critical dialogue. September 2013: 13–14.
Altieri, M.A., and V.M. Toledo. 2011. The agroecological revolution in Latin America: Rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants. Journal of Peasant Studies 38 (3): 587–612.
Annicchiarico, P., L. Pecetti, and R. Torricelli. 2012. Impact of landrace germplasm, non-conventional habit and regional variety selection on forage and seed yield of organically grown lucerne in Italy. The Journal of Agricultural Science 150 (03): 345–355.
Bonti-Ankomah, Samuel, and Emmanuel K. Yiridoe. 2006. Organic and conventional food: A literature review of the economics of consumer perceptions and preferences. Final report submitted to the Organic Agriculture Center of Canada. www.organicagcentre.ca. Accessed 3 May 2014.
Bonneuil C., and E. Demeulenaere. 2007. Une génétique de pair à pair? L’émergence de la sélection participative, in F. Charvolin, A. Micoud et L. K. Nyhart, dir. Les sciences citoyennes. Vigilance collective et rapport entre profane et scientifique dans les sciences naturalistes. Ed. de l’Aube, 122–147.
Brascoupe, C. 2002. Rekindling the fire of traditional agriculture. Biodiversity 3 (3): 26.
Caldwell, Joyce Y., Jamie D. Davis, Barbara Du Bois, Holly Echo-Hawk, et al. 2005. Culturally competent research with American Indians and Alaska Natives: Findings and recommendations of the first symposium of the work group on American Indian research and program evaluation methodology. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 12 (1): 1–21.
Campanelli, G., N. Acciarri, B. Campion, S. Delvecchio, F. Leteo, F. Fusari, P. Angelini, and S. Ceccarelli. 2015. Participatory tomato breeding for organic conditions in Italy. Euphytica 204 (1): 179–197.
Campesina, Via. 2009. Nyéléni declaration. Journal of Peasant Studies 36: 673–676.
Ceccarelli, S., S. Grando, and J. Hamblin. 1992. Relationship between barley grain yield measured in low-and high-yielding environments. Euphytica 64 (1–2): 49–58.
Ceccarelli, S. 1994. Specific adaptation and breeding for marginal conditions. Breeding fodder crops for marginal conditions, 101–127. Dordrecht: Springer.
Ceccarelli, S. 1996. Adaptation to low/high input cultivation. Euphytica 92 (1): 203–214.
Ceccarelli, S., E. Bailey, S. Grando, and R.N. Tutwile. 1997. Decentralized, participatory plant breeding: a link between formal plant breeding and small farmers. The International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA). Aleppo, Syria.
Cleveland, D.A., and D. Soleri. 2002. Farmers, scientists and plant breeding: knowledge, practice and the possibilities for collaboration. In Farmers, scientists and plant breeding: Integrating knowledge and practice, ed. D.A. Cleveland and D. Soleri, 1–18. Oxon: CAB International.
Chable, V., J. Dawson, R. Bocci, and I. Goldringer. 2014. Seeds for organic agriculture: Development of participatory plant breeding and farmers’ networks in France. Organic farming, prototype for sustainable agricultures, 383–400. Dordrecht: Springer.
Chiffoleau, Y., and D. Desclaux. 2006. Participatory plant breeding: The best way to breed for sustainable agriculture? International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 4: 119–130.
Dawson, J.C., V.M. Moore, and W.F. Tracy. 2018. Establishing best practices for germplasm exchange, intellectual property rights and revenue return to sustain public variety development. Crop Science 58: 469–471.
Dawson, J.C., and G.K. Healy. 2018. Flavor evaluation for plant breeders. Plant Breeding Reviews. New York: Wiley.
Dawson, J.C., and J.R. Goldberger. 2008. Assessing farmer interest in participatory plant breeding: Who wants to work with farmers? Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23 (3): 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170507002141.
Dawson, J.C., K.M. Murphy, and S.S. Jones. 2008. Decentralized selection and participatory approaches in plant breeding for low-input systems. Euphytica 160 (2): 143–154.
Dawson, J.C., P. Rivière, J.-F. Berthellot, F. Mercier, P.D. Kochko, N. Galic, S. Pin, E. Serpolay, M. Thomas, S. Giuliano, and I. Goldringer. 2011. Collaborative plant breeding for organic agricultural systems in developed countries. Sustainability 3 (8): 1206–1223.
Demeulenaere, E. 2014. A political ontology of seeds. The transformative frictions of a farmers’ movement in Europe. Focaal: Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology 69 (2014): 45–61. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.690104.
Desmarais, A.A., and H. Wittman. 2014. Farmers, foodies and first nations: Getting to food sovereignty in Canada. The Journal of Peasant Studies 41: 1153–1173.
Evenson, R.E., and D. Gollin. 2003. Assessing the impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000. Science 300 (5620): 758–762.
Gordinier, J. 2013. Sowing a change in kitchens. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/25/dining/sowing-a-change-in-kitchens.html?_r=2. Accessed 12 January 2014.
Greene, K. 2013. Seed library movement from roots to bloom. Hudson Valley Seed Company. http://hudsonvalleyseed.com/blog/the-seed-library-movement-from-roots-to-bloom/. Accessed 6 November 2017.
Hassel, C. 2004. Can diversity extend to ways of knowing? Engaging cross-cultural paradigms. Journal of Extension 42: 2.
Heynen, N., H.E. Kurtz, and A. Trauger. 2012. Food justice, hunger and the city. Geography Compass 6: 304–311.
Hoagland, L., J. Navazio, J. Zystro, I. Kaplan, J.G. Vargas, and K. Gibson. 2015. Key traits and promising germplasm for an organic participatory tomato breeding program in the US Midwest. HortScience 50 (9): 1301–1308.
Kloppenburg, J. 2010. Impeding dispossession, enabling repossession: Biological open source and the recovery of seed sovereignty. Journal of Agrarian Change 10: 367–388.
Kloppenburg, J. 2014. Re-purposing the master’s tools: The open source seed initiative and the struggle for seed sovereignty. Journal of Peasant Studies 41 (6): 1225–1246.
Lammerts van Bueren, E.T., and J.R. Myers (eds.). 2011. Organic crop breeding. New York: Wiley.
Low, S.A, A. Adalja, E. Beaulieu, N. Key, S. Martinez, A. Melton, A. Perez, K. Ralston, H. Stewart, S. Suttles, S. Vogel, and B. Jablonski. 2015. Trends in U.S. local and regional food systems: A report to congress. USDA- ERS. https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2015/januaryfebruary/the-size-and-scope-of-locally-marketed-food-production/. Accessed 6 November 2017.
Murphy, K.M., K.G. Campbell, S.R. Lyon, and S.S. Jones. 2007. Evidence of varietal adaptation to organic farming systems. Field Crops Research 102 (3): 172–177.
Open Source Seed Initiative. 2017. OSSI ‘freed’ seed. http://osseeds.org/seeds/. Accessed 6 November 2017.
Reid, T.A., R.C. Yang, D.F. Salmon, A. Navabi, and D. Spaner. 2011. Realized gain from selection for spring wheat yield are different in conventional and organically managed systems. Euphytica 177: 253–266.
Renaud, E.N.C., E.T. Lammerts, M.J. van Bueren, F.A. van Paulo, J.A.Juvik Eeuwijk, M.G. Hutton, and J.R. Myers. 2014. Broccoli variety performance under organic and conventional management systems and implications for crop improvement. Crop Science 54: 1539–1554.
Seedshed. 2017. Projects: Native American seed sanctuary. https://seedshed.org/native-american-seed-sanctuary/. Accessed 6 November 2017.
Shattuck, A., C.M. Schiavoni, and Z. Vangelder. 2015. Translating the politics of food sovereignty: Digging into contradictions, uncovering new dimensions. Globalizations 12: 421–433.
Shelton, A.C. 2014. Plant breeding for organic agriculture in the United States: A new paradigm. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Shelton, A.C., and W.F. Tracy. 2017. Variety development in the US public sector. Crop Science 57: 1823–1835. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.11.0961.
Shiva, V. 1997. Biopiracy: the plunder of nature and knowledge. Boston, MA: South End Press.
Snapp, S.S. 2002. Quantifying farmer evaluation of technologies: The mother and baby trial design. In Quantitative analysis of data from participatory methods in plant breeding, ed. M. Bellon and J. Reeves. New York: Springer.
Snapp, S.S. 1999. Mother and baby trials: A novel trial design being tried out in Malawi. Target Newsletter of the Southern Africa Soil Fertility Network 17: 8.
Soleri, D., D.A. Cleveland, S.E., Smith, S. Ceccarelli, S. Grando, R.B. Rana, D. Rijal, and H.R. Labrada. 2002. Understanding farmers’ knowledge as the basis for collaboration with plant breeders: methodological development and examples from ongoing research in Mexico, Syria, Cuba and Nepal. Farmers, scientists and plant breeding: Integrating knowledge and practice. Cleveland and Daniela Soleri. CAB International: 19–60.
Sperling, L., J.A. Ashby, M.E. Smith, et al. 2001. A framework for analyzing participatory plant breeding approaches and results. Euphytica 122: 439–450.
Tracy, W. 2017. Keeping Public Plant Cultivar Development in the Public Interest. In Proceedings of the Summit on Intellectual Property Rights and Public Plant Breeding, ed. W.F Tracy, J.C Dawson, V.M Moore, and J. Fisch. . August 12–13, 2016 Raleigh NC. www.agronomy.wisc.edu/ipr-summit/.
Witcombe, J.R., S. Gyawali, et al. 2005. Participatory plant breeding is better described as highly client-oriented plant breeding. II. Optional farmer collaboration in the segregating generations. Experimental Agriculture 42: 79–90.
Wolfe, M.S., J.P. Baresel, D. Desclaux, et al. 2008. Euphytica 163: 323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-008-9690-9.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the SKC participants and the seed sovereignty and food justice organizations that the SKC interacts with for their energy, dedication and hard work. This paper would not have been possible without the many discussions we have had with all of you. We would also like to thank the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the USDA North Central SARE Program and the Ceres Trust for funding that has supported the Seed to Kitchen Collaborative.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Healy, G.K., Dawson, J.C. Participatory plant breeding and social change in the Midwestern United States: perspectives from the Seed to Kitchen Collaborative. Agric Hum Values 36, 879–889 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-019-09973-8
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-019-09973-8