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Genetic diversity of American hazelnut in the Upper Midwest, USA

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Abstract

World hazelnut production is based on European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) and is limited by the narrow climatic requirements of this species. The cold hardiness and disease resistance of the American hazelnut (Corylus americana) offer opportunities to expand production to new areas including the Upper Midwest (USA). The American hazelnut is a phenotypically diverse species. This study used ten microsatellite marker loci to investigate genetic diversity in 1140 individuals sampled from 25 populations across Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota and North Dakota. Overall, the marker loci were highly polymorphic (Ho = 0.69, He = 0.78, PIC = 0.84) with 7–13 alleles per locus. There was very high genetic diversity within populations (90% of the total) and some tendency toward population differentiation. Mantel’s test showed that genetic distance among the populations was not correlated with geographic distance. We conclude that selection of individuals for use in breeding should be based primarily on phenotype (productivity, nut size, percent kernel, ease of harvest), with care to include representatives of genetically differentiated populations.

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Acknowledgements

Research funded by United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture award #2011-51181-30681, the Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Technology and the University of Wisconsin UPDC committee. We thank numerous foresters and natural resource managers that provided site access and other assistance with this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Wisconsin Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA

    Michael Demchik & Keith Turnquist

  2. Morningside College, 1501 Morningside Avenue, Sioux City, IA, 51106, USA

    Anthony Kern

  3. Room 411 BorH, 6026, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA

    Lois Braun

  4. University of Wisconsin Extension, 117 East 5th St, Washburn, WI, 54891, USA

    Jason Fischbach

Authors
  1. Michael Demchik
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  2. Anthony Kern
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  3. Lois Braun
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  4. Jason Fischbach
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  5. Keith Turnquist
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Correspondence to Michael Demchik.

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Work completed at University of Wisconsin Stevens Point and University of Minnesota campuses.

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10457_2017_97_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Electronic Supplementary Material A1. Bayesian Admixture analysis using STRUTURE 2.3.4 at K=6 genetic units as identified using the Evanno et al. (2005) delta K method. Population numbers correspond to those in Figure 1, Table 1, and Figure 2. Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 11275 kb)

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Demchik, M., Kern, A., Braun, L. et al. Genetic diversity of American hazelnut in the Upper Midwest, USA. Agroforest Syst 92, 1507–1516 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0097-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0097-2

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