Abstract
To assess possible new agroforestry scenarios the tree–soil–crop interaction model in agroforestry systems (WaNuLCAS 3.01) was used based on-site specific data collected from Tabango (Central Philippines). Three native timber trees (Shorea contorta Vid., Pterocarpus indicus Juss., and Vitex parviflora Willd.) and one widely spread exotic specie (Swietenia macrophylla King.) were simulated under different intercrop scenarios with maize (Zea mays L.) and subsequently compared. Model simulation results quantified and explained trade-off between tree and crop. For example, higher tree densities will lead to a loss of crop yield that is approximately proportional to the gain in wood volume. However, beside this trade-off effect, there is considerable scope for tree intercropping advantage under a fertilization scenario, with systems that yield about 50% of the maximum tree biomass still allowing 70% of monoculture maize yield. Maximum tree yield can still be obtained at about 20% of the potential crop yield but intermediate tree population densities (400 trees ha−1) and the resulting larger stem diameters may be preferable over the larger total tree biomass obtained at higher tree densities. Another advantage from intercropping systems is that trees directly benefit from the inputs (i.e., fertilizer) that are applied to the crops. The three native trees species studied have different performance in relation to productivity but are similar to (or even better than) S. macrophylla.
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Acknowledgments
This work wouldn’t be possible without the inestimable support from many people from the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), in particular from: Betha Lusiana with her generous and always positive statistical vision and Ni′matul Kashana with her unbelievable patience and dedication in the incredible world of WaNuLCAS.
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Martin, F.S., van Noordwijk, M. Trade-offs analysis for possible timber-based agroforestry scenarios using native trees in the Philippines. Agroforest Syst 76, 555–567 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9208-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9208-z