Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparing Minority Adolescents to Blend Work and Family Roles: Increasing Work-Family Conflict Management Self Efficacy

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Ethnic identity, information about the world of work, and mastery in specific career skills crucially impact the process of career development among minority adolescents. Identity and conflict management skills also affect one of the major stressors experienced by employees today: the work-family conflict. This paper presents a culturally appropriate career intervention program for increasing Israeli Arab adolescents’ self-efficacy to manage work and family roles, and feedback from 15 participants in a preliminary pilot intervention. The program comprised three units: identity exploration, information, and skill transfer. The intervention was grounded in the career development literature on minorities, on work-family conflict research, and on social cognitive career theory. The proposed strategy also included process variables comprising critical career intervention components. The program is seen as having potential for being implemented in other cultural contexts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Arbona, C. (1989). Hispanic employment and the Holland typology of work. Career Development Quarterly, 37, 257–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ardelt & Eccles (2001). Effects of mothers’ parental efficacy beliefs and promotive parenting strategies on inner-city youth. Journal of Family Issues, 22, 944–972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barakat, H. (1993). The Arab world: Society, culture and state. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, S. L. (1993). Career intervention strategies for ethnic minorities. Career Development Quarterly, 42, 14–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. (1996). A social cognitive framework for career choice counseling. Career Development Quarterly, 44, 354–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. D., & Ryan-Krane, N. (2000). Four (or five) sessions and a cloud of dust: Old assumptions and new observations about career counseling. In S. D. Brown, & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (3rd ed., pp. 740–766). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, R. J., & Greenglass, R. E. (1999). Work-family conflict, spouse support, and nursing staff well being during organizational restructuring. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 327–336.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carlo, A. M. (2000). Career development of ethnic minorities: The effects of ethnic identity and acculturation on perceived career barriers. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The-Sciences-and-Engineering, 61(1-B), 575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, D. S., & Kacmar, K. M. (2000). Work-family conflict in the organization: Do life role values make a difference? Journal of Management, 26, 1031–1054.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cinamon, R. G. (In Press). Anticipated work-family conflict: Effects of gender, self-efficacy and family background. Career Development Quarterly.

  • Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2002a). Profiles of attribution of importance to life roles and their implications for the work-family conflict. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 212–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2002b). Gender differences in attributions of importance to work and family roles. Sex Roles, 47, 531–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53, 747–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P., & O’Driscoll, M. (2003). Employee assistance programs. In J. C. Quick, & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 289–304). Washington, DC: APA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • DeVaney, S. B., & Hughey, A. H. (2002). Career development of ethnic minority students. In D. A. Luzzo (Ed.) Career Counseling of college students. (pp. 233–251). Washington, DC: APA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fincham, F. D., Harold, G. T., & Gano-Phillips, S. (2000). The longitudinal association between attributions and marital satisfaction: Direction of effects and role of efficacy expectations. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 267–285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedlander, D., Eisenbach, Z., Ben-Moshe, E., Ben-Hur, D., Lunievski, S., Hleihel, A., & Elmakias, L. L. (2000). Religion, ethnicity, type of locality and educational attainments among Israel's population: An analysis of change over time. Jerusalem: Hebrew University (Working Paper Series, Department of Population Studies). (Hebrew).

  • Frone, M. F. (2003). Work-family balance. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 143–162). Washington, DC: APA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., & Markel, K. S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgas, J. (1989). Changing family values in Greece: From collectivist to individualist. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 20, 80–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, M. J., Fassinger, R. E., Prosser, J., Cooke, K., Mejia, B., & Luna, J. (2001). Voces abriendo caminos [Voices forging path]: A qualitative study of the career development of Notable Latinas. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 48, 286–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy Management Review, 10, 77–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, G., Betz, N. E., Casas, J. M., & Rocha-Singh, I. A. (1992). Gender, ethnicity, and social cognitive factors predicting the academic achievement of students in engineering. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 527–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, G., & Byars, A. M. (1996). Social cognitive theory and the career development of African American women. Career Development Quarterly, 44, 322–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haj-Yahia, M. M. (1995). Obstacles facing comprehensive development in rural areas in the West Bank and Gaza strip. Social Development Issues, 17, 115–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heppner, M. J., & Heppner, P. P. (2003). Identifying process variables in career counseling: A research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 429–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herring, R. D. (1998). Native American Indian college students: Implications for college counseling practice. Journal of College Counseling, 1, 169–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hird, J. S., & Gloria, A. M. (1999). Influences of ethnic and nonethnic variables on the career decision making self-efficacy of college students. Career Development Quarterly, 48, 157–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, M., & Demo, D. H. (1989). Self-perceptions of Black Americans: Self-esteem and personal efficacy. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 132–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, (2005). http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/cw_usr_view_SHTML#ID= 629

  • Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, (2004). http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2004/01_04_58.htm

  • Kerpelman, J. L., & Schvaneveldt, P. L. (1999). Young adults’ anticipated identity importance of career, marital, and parental roles: Comparisons of men and women with different role balance orientation. Sex Roles, 42, 189–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, B. S. K., Atkinson, D. R., & Umemoto, D. (2001). Asian cultural values and the counseling process: Current knowledge and directions for future research. Counseling Psychologist, 29, 570–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulik, L., & Rayyan, F. (2003). Wage-earning patterns, perceived division of domestic labor, and social support: A comparative study analysis of educated Jewish and Arab-Muslim Israelis. Sex Roles, 48, 53–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapan, R. T., & Kosciulek, J. F. (2001). Toward a community career system program evaluation framework. Journal of Counseling and Development, 79, 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, S. N., & Cooper, C. L. (1998). Stress in dual earner families. In B. A. Gutek, A. Stomberg, & L. Larwood (Eds.), Women and work (pp. 139–168). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzzo, D. A., & Mcwhirter, E. H. (2001). Sex and ethnic differences in the perception of educational and career-related barriers and levels of coping efficacy. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79, 61–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansor, F. (2005). Barriers and resources in the career development of Israeli Arabs adolescents. Master thesis submitted to Tel Aviv University.

  • Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1990). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui, T., Oshawa, T., & Onglatco, M. (1995). Work-family conflict: The stress-buffering effects of husband support and coping behavior among Japanese married working women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 47, 178–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naidoo, A. V. (1994). Factors affecting the career maturity of African-American university students: A casual model (Doctoral dissertation). Dissertation Abstracts International, 54, 2470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauta, M. M., Epperson, D. L., & Kahn, J. H. (1998). A multiple-groups analysis of predictors of higher level career aspirations among women in mathematics, science, and engineering majors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 483–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okocha, A. G. (1994). Preparing racial ethnic minorities for the work force 2000. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 22, 106–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oyserman, D. (1993). The lens of personhood: Viewing the self and others in a multicultural society. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 993–1009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peake, A., & Harris, K. L. (2002). Young adults’ attitudes toward multiple role planning: The influence of gender, career traditionality, and marriage plans. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 405–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, S. M., & Bieschke, K. J. (2001). Succeeding against the odds: An examination of familial influences on the career development of professional African American women. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 48, 301–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pelham, J. P., & Fretz, B. R. (1982). Racial differences and attributes of career choice unrealism. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 31, 36–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapoport, T., Lomski-Feder, E., & Masalha, M. (1989). Female subordination in the Arab Israeli community: The adolescent perspective of “social veil.” Sex Roles, 20, 266–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Realo, A., Allik, J., & Vadi, M. (1997). The hierarchical structure of collectivism. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 93–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenhek, Z. (1998). New developments in the sociology of Palestinian citizens of Israel: An analytical review. Ethnic and racial studies, 21, 558–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, N. E. (1999). Career counseling and career choice goal attainment: A meta-analytically derived model for career counseling practice. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Loyola University, Chicago.

  • Sagy, S. Orr, E., Bar-On, D., & Awwad, E. (2001). Individualism & collectivism in two conflicted societies: Comparing Israeli-Jewish and Palestinian-Arab high school students. Youth and Society, 31, 3–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seginer, R. (1988). Adolescents facing the future: Cultural and sociopolitical perspectives. Youth and Society, 19, 314–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seginer, R., & Halabi-Kheir, H. (1998). Adolescent passage to adulthood: Future orientation in the context of cultural, age, and gender. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22, 309–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R. (2000). Manage stress at work through preventive and proactive coping. In E. A. Locke (Ed.), The Blackwell handbook of principles of organizational behavior (pp. 342–355). Oxford, England: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharf, R. S. (1997). Applying career development theory to counseling (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

  • Spokane, A. R., Fouad, N. A., & Swanson, J. L. (2003). Cultural-centered career intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 453–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, M., Foad, N. A., & Smith, P. L. (1999). Asian Americans career choices: A path model to examine factors influencing their career choices. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 142–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tetrick, L. E., & Quick, J. C. (2003). Prevention at work: Public health in occupational settings. In J. C. Quick, & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 3–17). Washington, DC: APA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L. T., & Ganster, D. C. (1995). Impact of family supportive work variables on work family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 6–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H., McCusker, C., & Hui, H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1006–1020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weitzman, L. M. (1994). Multiple-role realism: A theoretical framework for the process of planning to combine career and family roles. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 31, 15–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiston, S. C., & Sexton, T. L. (1998). A review of school counseling outcome research: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 76, 412–426.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author would like to express her appreciation to Prof. Israel Rich for his critical reading of an earlier version of this article, and to Dee B. Ankonina for her editorial assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Educational Counselling, School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Rachel Gali Cinamon

Authors
  1. Rachel Gali Cinamon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rachel Gali Cinamon.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cinamon, R.G. Preparing Minority Adolescents to Blend Work and Family Roles: Increasing Work-Family Conflict Management Self Efficacy. Int J Adv Counselling 28, 79–94 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-005-9006-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-005-9006-x

KEYWORDS:

Search

Navigation