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3D Printing of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

  • Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials, Tissues, and Organs
  • Published:
Annals of Biomedical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has emerged over the past 3 decades as a disruptive technology for rapid prototyping and manufacturing. Vat polymerization, powder bed fusion, material extrusion, and binder jetting are distinct technologies of additive manufacturing, which have been used in a wide variety of fields, including biomedical research and tissue engineering. The ability to print biocompatible, patient-specific geometries with controlled macro- and micro-pores, and to incorporate cells, drugs and proteins has made 3D-printing ideal for orthopaedic applications, such as bone grafting. Herein, we performed a systematic review examining the fabrication of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics by 3D printing, their biocompatibility in vitro, and their bone regenerative potential in vivo, as well as their use in localized delivery of bioactive molecules or cells. Understanding the advantages and limitations of the different 3D printing approaches, CaP materials, and bioactive additives through critical evaluation of in vitro and in vivo evidence of efficacy is essential for developing new classes of bone graft substitutes that can perform as well as autografts and allografts or even surpass the performance of these clinical standards.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from the AO Trauma Research Institute - Clinical Priority Program on Bone Infection and the National Institutes of Health (NIH P30 AR061307 and R34 DE025573). Jason Inzana was supported in part by a Whitaker International Program post-doctoral scholarship and a National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship (NSF Award DGE-1419118). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of AO Trauma, NIH, NSF, or the Whitaker International Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA

    Ryan Trombetta, Edward M. Schwarz & Hani A. Awad

  2. Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

    Ryan Trombetta, Jason A. Inzana, Edward M. Schwarz, Stephen L. Kates & Hani A. Awad

  3. Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

    Edward M. Schwarz & Hani A. Awad

  4. AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland

    Jason A. Inzana

  5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA

    Stephen L. Kates

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  1. Ryan Trombetta
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  2. Jason A. Inzana
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Correspondence to Hani A. Awad.

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Associate Editor Amir Abbas Zadpoor oversaw the review of this article.

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Trombetta, R., Inzana, J.A., Schwarz, E.M. et al. 3D Printing of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery. Ann Biomed Eng 45, 23–44 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1678-3

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