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Numerical investigation on fluid forces of piggyback circular cylinders in tandem arrangement at low Reynolds numbers

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Abstract

Numerical simulations of flows past the piggyback circular cylinders in tandem arrangement are performed by solving the variational multiscale formulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using in-house finite element method (FEM) codes. The effects of the gap-spacing-to-diameter (G/D) and the two diameter ratio (d/D) on the flow characteristics and the reductions of the root-mean-square (RMS) drag and lift coefficients are considered for Reynolds numbers (Res) are 100 and 200. The validation shows the fluid force coefficients obtained by the in-house FEM codes are in good agreement with the results in the existing literatures. The obtained results show that, with a proper placement of the smaller cylinder (\(d/D=0.2\)) behind the larger cylinder, the RMS drag and lift coefficients largely decrease compared to those of the single circular cylinder. When \(d/D=0.2\), the largest reductions of the RMS lift coefficient of the larger cylinder and the RMS total lift coefficient appear at \(G/D=1.2\) as Re \(=100\) and at \(G/D=1.0\) as Re \(=200\). It is observed that the proper placement of the smaller cylinder causes the surrounding vorticity to take opposite sign with the vorticity in the outer region so as to suppress and postpone the vortex shedding in the wake, and that the different positions of the vortex shedding at two Res cause that the largest reductions of the RMS lift coefficient of the larger cylinder and the RMS total lift coefficient appear at different G/D as Re is different. When d/D varies, the variation of the RMS total lift coefficient behaves differently at two Res. It decreases with d/D increasing at Re \(=100\), while it no longer monotonously varies with d/D, but reaches a minimum in the considered range of d/D at Re \(=200\). Moreover, the larger d/D results in stronger suppression and postponement of the vortex shedding in the wake.

Graphic abstract

The effects of the gap-spacing-to-diameter and the two-diameter ratio on the flow characteristics and the reductions of the root-mean-square (RMS) drag and lift coefficients are investigated by stabilized finite element method. With a proper placement of the smaller cylinder behind the larger cylinder, the RMS drag and lift coefficients are smaller than those of the single circular cylinder. The proper placement of the smaller cylinder causes the surrounding vorticity to take opposite sign with the vorticity in the outer region so as to suppress and postpone the vortex shedding in the wake.

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Acknowledgements

The project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant SBK2018040999), the Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant 18KJB570001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 51879123 and 91852111).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, 212003, China

    Linfeng Chen

  2. Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China

    Yuhong Dong

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  1. Linfeng Chen
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Correspondence to Linfeng Chen.

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Executive Editor: Guo-Wei He.

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Chen, L., Dong, Y. Numerical investigation on fluid forces of piggyback circular cylinders in tandem arrangement at low Reynolds numbers. Acta Mech. Sin. 37, 599–612 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-020-01037-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-020-01037-z

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