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Disease prevention and health promotion programs: benefits, implementation, quality assurance and open questions—a summary of the evidence

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Abstract

Aim

Disease prevention and health promotion programs are standardized behavioral interventions that may be combined with contextual interventions. With optimized methods, they offer proven efficacy, efficiency, transparency, manageability, and rapid transfer of knowledge.

Subject and methods

This review summarizes their central barriers and success factors based on current research.

Results

Important barriers to effective use of disease prevention and health promotion programs are low implementation fidelity, exaggerated flexibility subject to political change, inadequately trained and overworked personnel, disregard of context, change of implementation frameworks, lack of supportive contextual interventions, a plethora of programs, scarce resources and weak organizational support, resistance to social technologies, choices based on marketing criteria instead of effectiveness, and research gaps. Solutions include robust intervention plans, clear and comprehensive manuals, definition of intervention core and periphery, organizational and leadership support, qualification of users, systematic adaptation to local conditions, and quality assurance/monitoring of acceptance and effectiveness.

Conclusion

Both users and decision-makers should demand proof of effectiveness of program choices and should adhere to quality assurance procedures during implementation. Program development and evaluation should ensure (1) the definition of core intervention components, (2) instructions for adaptation of programs to specific contexts, (3) basic data on resources required for implementation, and (4) evidence of program effectiveness.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Psychology, University Hospital Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52 (W 26), 20246, Hamburg, Germany

    Thomas Kliche

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health System Research, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30623, Hannover, Germany

    Martina Plaumann & Ulla Walter

  3. Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA), Ostmerheimer Str. 220, 51109, Cologne, Germany

    Guido Nöcker & Svenja Dubben

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  1. Thomas Kliche
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Correspondence to Thomas Kliche.

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This research was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), in the Cooperation For Sustainable Disease Prevention KNP.

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Kliche, T., Plaumann, M., Nöcker, G. et al. Disease prevention and health promotion programs: benefits, implementation, quality assurance and open questions—a summary of the evidence. J Public Health 19, 283–292 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-011-0413-7

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