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The role of nutrition in the prevention of sarcopenia

Die Rolle der Ernährung bei der Prävention von Sakopenie

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Zusammenfassung

Der Ernährung wird neben anderen Faktoren wie Hormon- und Entzündungsstatus, Erkrankungen und körperlicher Inaktivität bei der Entstehung von Sarkopenie eine zentrale Rolle zugesprochen. Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Ernährungsfaktoren und Muskelmasse, Kraft und körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeit wurden in den letzten Jahren in einer wachsenden Zahl von Studien beschrieben. Demnach ist die Vermeidung von Gewichtsverlust und der damit einhergehenden Abnahme der Muskelmasse von zentraler Bedeutung. Adäquate Mengen an hochwertigem Protein sind zur optimalen Stimulation der Muskelproteinsynthese essentiell. Vitamin D, Antioxidantien und ω3-Fettsäuren können möglicherweise ebenfalls dazu beizutragen, den Verlust von Muskelmasse und -funktion zu minimieren. Darüber hinaus sollten Ernährungsprobleme wie Appetitverlust, geringe Essmenge, einseitige Ernährungsgewohnheiten und Gewichtsverlust möglichst frühzeitig erkannt werden. Zugrunde liegende Ursachen müssen identifiziert und rasch beseitigt werden. Schließlich muss die Bedeutung von körperlicher Aktivität, speziell Krafttraining, betont werden – nicht nur um den Muskelaufbau zu erleichtern, sondern auch um Energieverbrauch, Appetit und Nahrungsaufnahme bei älteren Menschen mit Risiko für Mangelernährung zu steigern.

Summary

Nutrition is regarded as one important contributing factors in the complex etiology of sarcopenia. Associations between several nutritional factors and muscle mass, strength, function and physical performance were reported in a growing number of studies in recent years. Accordingly, the avoidance of weight loss is crucial to prevent the concomitant loss of muscle mass. Adequate amounts of high-quality protein are important for optimal stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. Vitamin D, antioxidants and ω 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids may also contribute to the preservation of muscle function. In order to ensure adequate intake in all elderly, nutritional problems like loss of appetite and weight loss should be recognized early by routine screening for malnutrition in the elderly. Underlying causes need to be identified and subsequently corrected. The importance of physical activity, specifically resistance training, is emphasized, not only in order to facilitate muscle protein anabolism but also to increase energy expenditure, appetite and food intake in elderly people at risk of malnutrition.

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Correspondence to Dorothee Volkert.

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Volkert, D. The role of nutrition in the prevention of sarcopenia. Wien Med Wochenschr 161, 409–415 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-011-0910-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-011-0910-x

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