Abstract
This paper describes the application of detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the formation and propagation of waves generated by the impact of landslide material with water. The problem is schematised as a multiphase–multicomponent fluid flow: compressible air, water and transported alluvial material. The landslide simulation is performed by means of a hybrid approach: as a rigid solid body slipping down along an inclined slope until it starts penetrating the water body. The CFD model solves the Navier–Stokes equations with the RNG k-ɛ turbulence closure scheme and the volume of fluid multiphase method, which maintains the interface as a sharp front. The governing equations are solved using the commercial CFD code, FLUENT. The computed results are compared with experimental data reported in the literature. The model is then applied to simulate the 1958 Lituya bay Tsunami event with a 2D a simplified geometry and the results are compared to others found in literature.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abadie S, Grilli S, Glockner S (2006) A coupled numerical model for tsunami generated by subaerial and submarine mass failures. In Proc. 30th Intl. Coastal Engng. Conf., San Diego, California, USA, 1420–1431
Abbott MB, Basco DR (1989) Computational fluid dynamics: an introduction for engineers Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical. Wiley, New York
Ataie-Ashtiani B, Nik-Khah A (2008) Impulsive waves caused by subaerial landslides. Environ Fluid Mech 8(3):263–280
Biscarini C, Esposito E, Porfido S, Violante C (2005) Hydrogeological risk analysis in coastal area. IHP—UNESCO 2005–2015 United Nations Decade for action—Water For Life
Esposito E, Porfido S, Violante C, Biscarini C (2004a) Il nubifragio dell'ottobre 1954 a Vietri sul mare–Costa di Amalfi, Salerno. Scenario ed effetti di una piena fluviale catastrofica in un’area di costa rocciosa. Pubbl. GNDCI n. 2870, ISBN 88-88885-03-X
Esposito E, Porfido S, Violante C, Biscarini C (2004b) Water events and historical flood recurrences in the Vietri sul Mare coastal area (Costiera Amalfitana, southern Italy). Proceedings of the UNESCO/IAHS/IWHA symposium on “The Basis of Civilization—Water Science”? Rome IAHS Publ 286:95–106
Fluent 6.1 User’s guide (Fluent Inc. 2003)
Fritz HM (2002) Initial phase of landslide generated impulse waves. In: Minor H-E (ed) VAW-Mitteilung 178. Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie, ETH Zürich
Fritz HM, Hager WH, Minor HE (2001) Lituya bay case: rockslide impact and wave run-up. Sci Tsunami Hazards 19(1):3–22
Galperin BA, Orszag SA (1993) Large Eddy simulation of complex engineering and geophysical flows. Cambridge University Press
Grilli ST, Watts P (1999) Modeling of waves generated by a moving submerged body: applications to underwater landslides. Eng Anal Bound Elem 23(8):645–656
Hall JV Jr, Watts GM (1953) Laboratory investigation of the vertical rise of solitary waves on impermeable slopes. Tech. Memo. 33, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board
Harbitz CB (1992) Model simulations of tsunamis generated by the Storegga slides. Mar Geol 105:1–21
Hargreaves DM, Morvan H, Wright NG (2007) Validation of the volume of fluid method for free surface calculation: the broad-crested weir. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 2:136–146
Heinrich P (1992) Nonlinear Water Waves Generated by Submarine and Aerial Landslides. J Waterw Port Coast Ocean Eng. ASCE 118(3):249–266
Heinrich P, Mangeney A, Guibourg S, Roche R, Boudon G, Cheminée JL (1998) Simulation of water waves generated by a potential debris avalanche in Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. Geophys Res Lett 25:3697–3700
Hirsch C (1992) Numerical computation of internal and external flows. Wiley, New York
Imamura F, Gica EC (1996) Numerical model for tsunami generation subaqueous landslide along a coast. Sci Tsunami Hazards 14:13–28
Imteaz MMA, Imamura F (1995) Long waves in two-layers: governing equations and numerical model. Sci Tsunami Hazards 13:3–24
Iwasaki S (1987) On the estimation of a tsunami generated by a submarine landslide. Proc Intl Tsunami Symp, Vancouver, BC, pp 134–38
Jiang L, LeBlond PH (1992) The coupling of a submarine slide and the surface waves which it generates. J Geoph Res 97(C8):12731–12744
Kamphuis JW, Bowering RJ (1970). Impulse waves generated by landslides. Proc. 12’h Coastal Engineering Con ASCE, pp 1575–588
Lin P, Liu PL-F (1998) A numerical study of breaking waves in the surf zone. J Fluid Mech 359:239–264
Mader CL (1999) Modeling the 1958 Lituya Bay mega-tsunami. Sci Tsunami Hazards 17(2):57–67
Mader CL, Gittings ML (2002) Modeling the 1958 Lituya Bay mega-tsunami, II. Sci Tsunami Hazards 20:241–250
Miller DJ (1960) Giant waves in Lituya Bay Alaska, USGS Professional Paper 354-C, Shorter Contributions to General Geology
Monaghan JJ, Kos A (1999) Solitary waves on a Cretan beach. J Waterw Port Coast Ocean Eng 125(3):145–154, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1999)125:3(145)
Müller D (1995) Auflaufen und Überschwappen von Impulswellen an Talsperren. VAW-Mitteilung 137, Ed. Vischer D, Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie, ETH Zürich. (in German)
Nakayama T (1983) Boundary element analysis of nonlinear waterwave problems. Intl J Numer Methods Engng 19:953–970
Noda E (1970) Water waves generated by landslides. ASCE J Waterways, Harbours, and Coastal Engineering Division 96(4):835–855
Panizzo A, De Girolamo P, Di Risio M, Maistri A, Petaccia A (2005) Great landslide events in Italian artificial reservoirs. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 5:733–740
Pararas-Carayannis G (1999) Analysis of mechanism of tsunami generation in Lituya Bay. Sci Tsunami Hazards 17:193–206
Patankar SV (1980) Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow. Hemisphere, USA
Pelinovsky E, Poplavsky A (1996) Simplified model of tsunami generation by submarine landslide. Phys Chem Earth 21(12):13–17
Rodi W (1984) Turbulence models and their application in hydraulics—a state of the art review. Presented by the IAHR Section on Fundamentals and Division II: Experimental and Mathematical Fluid Dynamics (2nd revised ed)
Synolakis CE (1987) The run-up of solitary waves. J Fluid Mech 185:523–545
Verriere M, Lenoir M (1992) Computation of waves generated by submarine landslides. Intl J Num Methods Fluids 14:403–421
Versteeg HK, Malalasekera W (1995) An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite volume method. Addison Wesley Longman, Harlow
Vinje T, Brevig P (1981) Numerical simulation of breaking waves. Adv Water Resour 4:77–82
Walder JS, Watts P, Sorensen OE, Janssen K (2003) Water waves generated by subaerial mass flows. J Geophys Res [Solid Earth] 108(5):2236–2255
Wieczorek GF, Geist EL, Motyka RJ, Jakob M (2007) Hazard assessment of the tidal inlet landslide and potential subsequent tsunami, Glacier Bay National Park. Alaska Landslides 4:205–215, doi:10.1007/s10346-007-0084-1
Yakhot V, Orszag SA (1986) Renormalization group analysis of turbulence: I. Basic Theory. J Sci Comput 1(1):1–51
Youngs DL (1982) Time-dependent multi-material flow with large fluid distortion. In: Morton KW, Baines MJ (eds) Numerical methods for fluid dynamics. Academic, New York
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful for the productive suggestions and the support of Prof. Gino Bella.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Biscarini, C. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of landslide generated water waves. Landslides 7, 117–124 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0194-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0194-z