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Anti-Oxidant Activities, Chemical Attributes and Fruit Yield of Peach Cultivars as Influenced by Foliar Application of Ascorbic Acid

Einfluss der Blattbehandlung mit Ascorbinsäure auf die antioxidative Wirkung, auf chemische Eigenschaften und den Fruchtertrag von Pfirsichkultursorten

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Abstract

Peach fruit is enriched with natural antioxidants but oxidation caused by biotic and abiotic stresses, reduce these antioxidants and consequently effect the quality and yield of the fruit. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the role of ascorbic acid to sustain the natural antioxidant activity, improve the fruit quality and yield of peach cultivars (Early Grand and Florida King). The peach cultivars, Early Grand and Florida King were tested against four levels of ascorbic acid (200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm) and compared with control as water spray. The foliar application of ascorbic acid significantly influenced anti-oxidant activity and physico-chemical attributes of peach cultivars. However, the foliar application of ascorbic acid @ 800 ppm significantly increased the fruit weight, fruit yield, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity of fruit peel, with least percent infected fruits and fruit juice pH as compared to the rest of the treatments. Similarly, significant variation was recorded for peach cultivars regarding anti-oxidant activity and various physico-chemical attributes. The maximum fruit weight, fruit yield, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and TSS/TA ratio were noted in fruit of cultivar Florida King. On other side the foliar treated fruit of peach cultivar Early Grand had the highest percent infected fruits, fruit juice pH and antioxidant activity of fruit peel. It is concluded from the significant findings of present research that the peach cultivar Florida King performed better in terms of maximum fruit yield, whereas the cultivar Early Grand produced better quality fruits with high anti-oxidant activity when treated with 800 ppm of ascorbic acid as foliar spray.

Zusammenfassung

Die Pfirsichfrucht ist reich an natürlichen Antioxidantien, aber Oxidation durch biotische und abiotische Stressfaktoren reduziert diese Antioxidantien und beeinträchtigt folglich die Qualität und den Ertrag der Früchte. Deshalb wurde ein Experiment durchgeführt, um die Rolle von Ascorbinsäure im Erhalt der natürlichen antioxidativen Wirkung, in der Verbesserung der Fruchtqualität und des Ertrags der Pfirsichkultursorten Early Grand und Florida King zu untersuchen. Die Pfirsichkultursorten Early Grand und Florida King wurden mit vier Konzentrationen Ascorbinsäure (200, 400, 600 und 800 ppm) getestet, mit einem Wasserspray als Kontrolle. Die Blattbehandlung mit Ascorbinsäure wirkte sich signifikant auf die antioxidative Wirkung und die physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der Pfirsichsorten aus. Allerdings erhöhte speziell die Blattbehandlung mit Ascorbinsäure zu 800 ppm im Vergleich zu den übrigen Behandlungskonzentrationen signifikant das Gewicht der Früchte, den Ertrag, die Festigkeit der Pfirsiche, den Gesamtgehalt löslicher Feststoffe (Total Soluble Solids, TSS), die antioxidative Wirkung der Fruchtschale sowie den pH-Wert des Fruchtsafts. Ähnliche signifikante Abweichungen wurden zwischen den Pfirsichsorten bezüglich der antioxidativen Wirkung und verschiedener physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften festgestellt. Maximale Werte im Fruchtgewicht, im Fruchtertrag, in der Festigkeit der Früchte, im Gesamtgehalt löslicher Feststoffe, in der titrierbaren Gesamtsäure (Titratable Acidity, TA) und im Verhältnis TSS/TA wurden bei Pfirsichen der Sorte Florida King festgestellt. Auf der anderen Seite zeigte die Pfirsichsorte Early Grand nach der Blattbehandlung den höchsten Prozentanteil infizierter Früchte, den höchsten Fruchtsaft-pH-Wert und die höchste antioxidative Wirkung der Fruchtschale. Aus den signifikanten Erkenntnissen aus der vorliegenden Forschung wird geschlossen, dass die Pfirsichsorte Florida King besser abschneidet, was den maximalen Fruchtertrag angeht, wohingegen die Sorte Early Grand hochwertigere Früchte erbrachte, mit einer höheren antioxidativen Wirkung, wenn mit 800 ppm Ascorbinsäure als Blattspray behandelt.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are greatly thankful to The University of Agriculture Peshawar for funding the project and Dr. Ma Nan, Associate Professor, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agriculture University Beijing for his technical proof reading and revision of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sajid, Wasim Bilal & Abdur Rab

  2. Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ali Khan

  3. Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Agriculture University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Zafar Iqbal & Sana Irshad khan

  4. China Agriculture University Beijing, Beijing, China

    Muhammad Ali Khan

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  1. Muhammad Sajid
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M. Sajid, M. Ali Khan, W. Bilal, A. Rab, Z Iqbal and S. Irshad khan declare that they have no competing interests.

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Sajid, M., Ali Khan, M., Bilal, W. et al. Anti-Oxidant Activities, Chemical Attributes and Fruit Yield of Peach Cultivars as Influenced by Foliar Application of Ascorbic Acid. Gesunde Pflanzen 69, 113–121 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-017-0395-7

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