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Impact of silviculture on dead wood and on the distribution and frequency of tree microhabitats in montane beech-fir forests of the Pyrenees

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Abstract

In forest ecosystems, the level of biodiversity is strongly linked to dead wood and tree microhabitats. To evaluate the influence of current forest management on the availability of dead wood and on the abundance and distribution of microhabitats, we studied the volume and diversity of dead wood objects and the distribution and frequency of cavities, dendrothelms, cracks, bark losses and sporophores of saproxylic fungi in montane beech-fir stands. We compared stands unmanaged for 50 or 100 years with continuously managed stands. A total of 1,204 live trees and 460 dead wood objects were observed. Total dead wood volume, snag volume and microhabitat diversity were lower in the managed stands, but the total number of microhabitats per ha was not significantly different between managed and unmanaged stands. Cavities were always the most frequent microhabitat and cracks the least frequent. Dendrothelm and bark loss were favored by management. Beech (Fagus sylvatica) carried many more microhabitats than silver fir (Abies alba), especially cavities, dendrothelms and bark losses. Fir very scarcely formed dendrothelms. Secondary tree species played an important role by providing cracks and bark losses. The proportion of microhabitat-bearing trees increased dramatically above circumference thresholds of 225 cm for beech and 215 cm for fir. Firs with a circumference of less than 135 cm did not carry microhabitats. In order to conserve microhabitat-providing trees and to increase the volume of dead wood in managed stands, we recommend conserving trees that finish their natural cycle over 10–20% of the surface area.

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Acknowledgments

This study piloted by the Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière de Midi-Pyrénées was financed with the help of European funds (FEDER) as well as French grants (Conseil régional de Midi-Pyrénées, Conseil général des Hautes-Pyrénées). We wish to thank the owners of the forests for their welcome and especially Jean-Louis Chaire. Thanks to Annie Ouin, Antoine Brin and the two anonymous reviewers of the journal for their constructive comments and their suggestions for the improvement of the manuscript. Thanks also to Mark Hewison for the checking of the English.

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  1. INRA-INPT/ENSAT/EIPURPAN, UMR1201 DYNAFOR, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France

    Laurent Larrieu & Alain Cabanettes

  2. Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière de Midi-Pyrénées, 7 Chemin de la Lacade, 31320, Auzeville Tolosane, France

    Laurent Larrieu & Antoine Delarue

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  1. Laurent Larrieu
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Correspondence to Laurent Larrieu.

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Communicated by J. Müller.

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Complementary data on characteristics of studied stands, main relationships tree microhabitats and taxa, decay stage definitions, comparison of dead wood volume per decay stage and per dead wood object type and girth thresholds for microhabitat presence. (PDF 113 kb)

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Larrieu, L., Cabanettes, A. & Delarue, A. Impact of silviculture on dead wood and on the distribution and frequency of tree microhabitats in montane beech-fir forests of the Pyrenees. Eur J Forest Res 131, 773–786 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-011-0551-z

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