Abstract
As a fungal metabolite, cyclosporin A (CsA) is widely used by patients to avoid immune rejection; however, little is known about its insecticidal activity. In this study, Mythimna separata was employed as a model to investigate the insecticidal activity of CsA as a biocontrol factor. The results showed that CsA had strong insecticide activity (LC50 = 19.23 μg/g for newly hatched larvae) and significantly sublethal effects (especially reproduction suppression) against M. separate. The combined toxicities of CsA with spinosad, azadirachtin, abamectin, and Cry1Ac against M. separata showed independent or synergistic toxicity, suggesting that CsA could be used alone or in a synergistic manner with current insecticides as a pest management strategy and/or to address pest resistance. Subsequent exploration of its insecticidal mechanism indicated that CsA has a unique ability to suppress the activity of calcineurin. An investigation of the use of CsA during indoor breeding of Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (a natural enemy of M. separata) suggested that this metabolite can facilitate the occurrence and reproduction of C. chlorideae. Overall, our study provides information concerning the potential for sustainable biocontrol of M. separata through novel bioinsecticide development; it also provides important clues for improving sustainable management of M. separata and other lepidopterous pest insects.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Henan Agricultural Research System (HARS-22-09-G3), the earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research system (No.CARS-27), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province of China (Grant 212102110137), Central Plains leading talents in scientific and Technological Innovation (Grant 224200510018), National Science fund of Henan Province for Distinguished Young scholar (202300410191), and The Basic Research Project of the Key Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Henan Province (21zx013).
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Supporting Methods: Preparation for toxic artificial diets; Bioassay of sublethal doses of CsA against M. separata. Supporting Figures: Fig. S1, Effects of sublethal CsA on 3rd-instar larvae development of M. separata; Fig. S2, Effects of sublethal CsA on M. separata pupae; Fig. S3, Effects of CsA on M. separata adults; Fig. S4, Effects of CsA on preoviposition periods, ovarian lengths, and numbers of mature eggs in ovaries of M. separata. (DOCX 31042 KB)
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Sun, C., Li, X., Xiao, Z. et al. Cyclosporin A acts as an insecticide candidate: providing sustainable biocontrol potential for managing Mythimna separata. J Pest Sci 96, 1103–1115 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-022-01577-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-022-01577-2