Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of pheromone of false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta in Israel by sequential SPME/GCMS analysis and field trials

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Pest Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an indigenous pest of citrus and other crops in sub-Saharan areas of Africa. The pest was first recorded in Israel in the 1980s and has remained at low population levels although extending its geographic range. The pest is difficult to detect without pheromone traps, but published information is conflicting about the optimal blend for male capture. In the present work, we used the SSGA method of sequential solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, in which the usual circadian pattern of pheromone release by insects is revealed and characterized. The SSGA method enabled the identification of 11 components that are emitted by female FCM specifically during the “calling” time which coincides with maximum pheromone emission. In addition, pheromone glands of 362 females of different ages in days after eclosion were dissected at the time of day when maximum pheromone emission occurs (SSGA results) in order to obtain the nanogram amounts of pheromone components necessary for identification and quantification. The component mixtures were tested using a subtraction method in both electroantennograms and field trials. The crucial pheromone components for optimal baits are E8-12:Ac and Z8-12:Ac in a ratio of 9:1. Our results suggest that a 1 mg blend of this pheromone inside a closed polyethylene vial, within an IPS trap placed as high as possible in the fruit tree, is suitable for monitoring.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Angelini A, Descoins C, Lhoste J, Trijau JP, Zagatti P (1981) Test of new formulations of synthetic attractants for sexual trapping of Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyr. (Lepidoptera). Cot Fib Trop 36:259–264

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Attygalle AB, Schwarz J, Vostrowsky O, Bestmann HJ (1986) Individual variation in the sex pheromone components of the false codling moth Cryptophlebia leucotreta. Z Naturforsch 41c:1077–1081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bestmann HJ, Erler J, Vostrowsky O (1988) Determination of diel periodicity of sex pheromone release in three species of Lepidoptera by ‘closed-loop-stripping’. Experienta 44:797–799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byers JA (1992) Optimal fractionation and bioassay plans for isolation of synergistic chemicals: the subtractive-combination method. J Chem Ecol 18:1603–1621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke JFG (1958) Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick, vol III. British Museum (Natural History), London, p 327

    Google Scholar 

  • Conover WJ, Iman RL (198) Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. Am Stat 35:124–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Corey EJ, Suggs W (1979) Pyridinium Chlorochromate. An efficient reagent for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 31:2647–2650

    Google Scholar 

  • Daiber C (1979) A study of the biology of the false codling moth [Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyr.)]: the egg. Phytophylactica 11:129–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall DR, Beevor PS, Cork A, Nesbitt BF, La Croix EA (1984) (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate: the major component of the female sex pheromone of Cryptophlebia batrachopa, a Tortricid pest of macadamia in Malawi. Entomol Exp Appl 35:33–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmeyr JH, Burger BV (1995) Controlled-release pheromone dispenser for use in traps to monitor flight activity of false codling moth. J Chem Ecol 21:355–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmeyr JH, Calitz FJ (1991) Field evaluation of synthetic sex attractants of the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Phytophylactica 23:149–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Institute SAS (2017) JMP Statistics and Graphics Guide, Release 12. SAS Institute Inc., Cary

    Google Scholar 

  • Komai F (1999) A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic region. Entomol Scand 55(Suppl.):1–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Zada A, Fefer D, Anshelevitch L, Litovsky A, Bengtsson M, Gindin G, Soroker V (2011) Identification of the sex pheromone of the lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula, using sequential SPME auto-sampling. Tetrahedron Lett 52:4550–4553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Zada A, Nestel D, Fefer D, Nemni-Lavy E, Deloya-Kahane I, David M (2012) Analyzing Diurnal and Age-Related Pheromone Emission of the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) by Sequential SPME-GCMS Analysis. J Chem Ecol 38:1036–1041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Zada A, Sadowsky A, Dobrinin S, David M, Ticuchinski T, Fefer D, Greenberg A, Blumberg D (2013) Reevaluation of the sex pheromone of the lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula, using autosampling SPME–GC/MS and field bioassays. Chemoecology 23:13–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Zada A, Fefer D, David M, Eliyahu M, Franco JC, Protasov A, Dunkelblum E, Mendel Z (2014a) Diel periodicity of pheromone release by females of Planococcus citri and Planococcus ficus and the temporal flight activity of their conspecific males. Naturwissenschaften 101:671–678

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Zada A, David M, Fefer D, Seplyarsky V, Sadowsky A, Dobrinin S, Ticuchinski T, Harari D, Blumberg D, Dunkelblum E (2014b) Circadian release of male-specific components of Greater date moth, Aphomia (Arenipses) sabella, using Sequential SPME/GCMS Analysis. J Chem Ecol 40:236–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Zada A, Steiner S, Fefer D, Kaspi R (2019) Identification of the sex pheromone of the spherical mealybug Nipaecoccus viridis. J Chem Ecol 45(5–6):455–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyrick E (1912) Descriptions of South African micro-lepidoptera. Ann Transvaal Mus 63–83

  • Moore S, Kirkman W, Fullard T, Hill M (2014) CRI Group Annual Research Report, integrated pest management FCM program report, pp 14–30

  • Newton PJ, Mastro VC (1989) Field evaluations of commercially available traps and synthetic sex pheromone lures of the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyr.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Trop Pest Manag 35:100–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newton PJ, Thomas CD, Mastro VC, Schwalbe CP (1993) Improved two-component blend of the synthetic female sex pheromone of Cryptophlebia leucotreta, and identification of an attractant for C. peltastica. Entomol Exp Appl 66:75–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Persoons CJ, Ritter FJ, Nooyen WJ (1977) Sex pheromone of the false codling moth Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae). J Chem Ecol 3:717–722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Read JS, Warren FL, Hewitt PH (1968) Identification of the sex pheromone of the false codling moth (Argyroploce leucotreta). Chem Commun (London) 792-793

  • Stotter RL, Samways MJ, Hattingh V (2014) Preparing the way for sterile insect release: determination of false codling moth distribution across a landscape mosaic. Crop Prot 60:1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Emergency and Domestic Programs (2010) New Pest Response Guidelines: False Codling Moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta. Riverdale, Maryland. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/online_manuals.shtml. Accessed 1 Jan 2019

  • Venette RC, Davis EE, DaCosta M, Heisler H, Larson M (2003) Mini Risk Assessment False codling moth, Thaumatotibia (= Cryptophlebia) leucotreta (Meyrick) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]. Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

    Google Scholar 

  • Wysoki M (1986) New records of lepidopterous pests of Macadamia in Israel. Phytoparasitica 14(2):147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zagatti P, Lalanne-Cassou B, Descoins C, Gallois M (1983) New results on the sex pheromone of the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyr. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Agronomie 3:75–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zar JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a mutual grant from the Chief Scientist of Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and The Israeli Plant Board # 20-15-0029. We thank Mrs. Valeria Sepliarsky, Israeli Plant Protection and Inspection Services, for her help in gland dissections. Thanks also to Mr. Nikolay Kovalev (Biochemtech, Moldova) and Dr. Shams Usmani (Russell IPM, UK) for providing standards.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel

    Anat Levi-Zada, Daniela Fefer, Reut Madar, Sara Steiner & Roy Kaspi

Authors
  1. Anat Levi-Zada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daniela Fefer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Reut Madar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sara Steiner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Roy Kaspi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anat Levi-Zada.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by P.G. Becher.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Levi-Zada, A., Fefer, D., Madar, R. et al. Evaluation of pheromone of false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta in Israel by sequential SPME/GCMS analysis and field trials. J Pest Sci 93, 519–529 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-019-01138-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-019-01138-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation