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Chromatography of Quorum Sensing Peptides: An Important Functional Class of the Bacterial Peptidome

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Abstract

Quorum sensing is the process by which bacteria communicate with each other to regulate the expression of certain genes in a cell density-dependent manner. One group of signalling molecules used in this process are the quorum sensing peptides, which are primarily produced by Gram-positive bacteria. Aside from their known role in bacterial physiology, it was recently found that these peptides are also able to influence human cells in a direct or indirect manner. To fully elucidate their biological and clinical significance in the microbiome, the ability to detect and quantify these active peptides in cell media and in vivo is of utmost importance. Several different methods, primarily for bacterial cell culture media, have already been developed. Standard procedure employs traditional techniques such as solid-phase extraction during sample preparation, a critical step in the analysis. A suitable sample preparation to extract the entire peptidome, prior to untargeted mass spectrometry detection, has not yet been proposed. Following sample preparation, liquid chromatography is coupled with different detection methods with mass spectrometry as the most commonly used. The aim of this review is to summarise and critically discuss current analytical methods for quorum sensing peptide identification and quantification.

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Abbreviations

ACN:

Acetonitrile

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

AHL:

Acyl-homoserine lactone derivatives

AI-2:

Autoinducer-2

AIP:

Autoinducing peptide

CIA:

Clumping-inducing agent

CSP:

Competence stimulating peptide

ESI:

Electospray ionisation

FA:

Formic acid

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

HILIC:

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography

IEX:

Ion-exchange chromatography

LoD:

Limit of detection

LTQ:

Linear-quadrupole ion trap-orbitrap

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation

MS:

Mass spectrometry

Opp:

Oligopeptide permease system

QS:

Quorum sensing

QSP:

Quorum sensing peptide

RP:

Reverse phase

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

TOF:

Time-of-flight

TFA:

Trifluoroacetic acid

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the ‘Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO)’ (Grant number 1S21017N to Nathan Debunne) and the ‘Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen)’ (Grant number 131356 to Frederick Verbeke).

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  1. Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Nathan Debunne, Frederick Verbeke, Yorick Janssens, Evelien Wynendaele & Bart De Spiegeleer

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  1. Nathan Debunne
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  2. Frederick Verbeke
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Published in the topical collection Peptide and Protein Analysis with Debby Mangelings and Gerhard K. E. Scriba as editors.

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Debunne, N., Verbeke, F., Janssens, Y. et al. Chromatography of Quorum Sensing Peptides: An Important Functional Class of the Bacterial Peptidome. Chromatographia 81, 25–40 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-017-3411-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-017-3411-2

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