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Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) breeding habitat use in northern Sweden

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Abstract

Alpine and arctic tundra regions are likely to retract as a result of climate warming and concerns have been raised over the status of the Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). In Fennoscandia, the Rock Ptarmigan has low population abundance, and predictions based on harvest statistics show population declines throughout the range. In this study, we used a long-term opportunistic dataset of Rock Ptarmigan observations, environmental predictors derived from a digital vegetation map and a digital elevation model to describe the breeding distribution at three different ecological scales. Patterns of spatial distribution were similar across all the three study scales. The presence of permanent snow-fields positively influenced the occurrence of Rock Ptarmigan at the territory and landscape scale. Open vegetation, rock-dominated areas and, in particular, dry heath influenced Rock Ptarmigan presence positively at all scales. Altitude and terrain heterogeneity were important variables at all scales, with higher probabilities of Rock Ptarmigan being present at intermediate altitude ranges, with a high degree of terrain heterogeneity. This is the first study to describe Rock Ptarmigan breeding distribution in Fennoscandia and our findings yield new insights into the environmental variables that are important for the spatial distribution of Rock Ptarmigan during the breeding season. When planning conservation efforts, this information should be used to inform management regarding the protection of core areas and buffer zones related to the conservation and harvest management of the Rock Ptarmigan.

Zusammenfassung

Bruthabitatnutzung beim Alpenschneehuhn ( Lagopus muta ) in Nordschweden

Es ist zu erwarten, dass alpine und arktische Tundralebensräume in Folge der Klimaerwärmung schrumpfen, und es wurden bereits Bedenken bezüglich des Status des Alpenschneehuhns (Lagopus muta) laut. In Fennoskandinavien kommt das Alpenschneehuhn in geringer Populationsdichte vor, und Prognosen auf der Grundlage von Jagdstatistiken zeigen Bestandsrückgänge im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet. Für diese Studie verwendeten wir einen über einen längeren Zeitraum gesammelten Datensatz mit Zufallsbeobachtungen von Alpenschneehühnern, dazu unabhängige Umweltvariablen aus einer digitalen Vegetationskarte und ein digitales Höhenmodell, um die Brutverbreitung auf drei verschiedenen ökologischen Ebenen zu beschreiben. Die räumlichen Verbreitungsmuster waren für alle drei in der Studie betrachteten Ebenen ähnlich. Das Vorhandensein dauerhafter Schneefelder hatte einen positiven Einfluss auf das Vorkommen von Alpenschneehühnern, sowohl auf Revier- als auch auf Landschaftsebene. Offene Vegetation, felsenreiche Flächen und speziell trockenes Heideland beeinflussten das Vorkommen von Alpenschneehühnern auf allen drei Ebenen positiv. Die Variablen „Höhenstufe“ und „Heterogenität des Geländes“ waren auf jeder Ebene wichtig; die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Alpenschneehuhn-Vorkommens war in mittleren Höhenlagen mit starker Geländeheterogenität höher. Dies ist die erste Untersuchung, die sich mit der Brutverbreitung des Alpenschneehuhns in Fennoskandinavien befasst, und unsere Befunde liefern neue Erkenntnisse darüber, welche Umweltvariablen für die räumliche Verteilung der Alpenschneehühner während der Brutzeit von Bedeutung sind. Bei der Planung von Naturschutzmaßnahmen sollten den für das Schutz- und Jagdmanagement Verantwortlichen die für die Gewährleistung von Kernund Pufferzonen relevanten Informationen zur Verfügung gestellt werden.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for the study was provided by the Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) Arctic Cooperation Programme 2009–2011 (project number A11601), the Norwegian Polar Institute and Hedmark University College. We thank Degitu Borecha Endale, Tomas Willebrand and two anonymous reviewers for valuable contributions to the manuscript, Oddveig Øien Ørvoll and Anders Skoglund for graphical assistance and Bernt Bye and Mats Högström for technical GIS assistance.

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  1. Martin Biuw

    Present address: Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway

    Åshild Ø. Pedersen, Marie-Anne Blanchet & Eva Fuglei

  2. Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad, 2418, Elverum, Norway

    Maria Hörnell-Willebrand

  3. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway

    Jane U. Jepsen & Martin Biuw

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  1. Åshild Ø. Pedersen
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Correspondence to Åshild Ø. Pedersen.

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Pedersen, Å.Ø., Blanchet, MA., Hörnell-Willebrand, M. et al. Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) breeding habitat use in northern Sweden. J Ornithol 155, 195–209 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-013-1001-0

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