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Effects of N application strategies on N leaching loss in paddy soil and N use characteristics in different super hybrid rice cultivars

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Abstract

A rational nitrogen (N) application strategy effectively improves grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) in the production of super rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study explored the effects of different N management strategies on N leaching loss in paddy soil and N use characteristics in different kinds of super hybrid rice cultivars. Two rice cultivars, Zhongzheyou 1 (ZZY1, a super rice of hybrid indica) and Yongyou 12 (YY12, a super rice of hybrid japonica), were chosen as representatives, and four N input levels (CK-0, N135-135, N195-195 and N255-255 kg N ha-1) with three application strategies (P1-60%:30%:10%, P2-50%:30%:20% and P3-40%:30%:30% with split N applied proportionally at the basal, tillering and panicle initiation stages, respectively) were set as treatments. An increase in the total N application rate and split proportion of basal fertilization resulted in higher N loss via leaching during the early growing stage of rice. Improving the split proportion of the second topdressing applied at the panicle initiation stage was beneficial to promoting the total N uptake and the amount of biomass accumulation, which ultimately enhanced the grain yield and NUE. YY12 obtained a 0.4–10.0% higher grain yield and 3.6–18.7% higher N recovery efficiency (REN) than that of ZZY1. Furthermore, YY12 showed greater adaptation at the high N level than did ZZY1, and allocating more N during the mid–late stage had a significant advantage in achieving high yield potential and improving NUE for YY12 compared to ZZY1. Thus, the results suggested that the N255 level with the P3 strategy was the optimal N management strategy that could optimize trade-offs between grain yield and NUE for YY12, while the N195 level with the P2 or P3 strategy was more appropriate for ZZY1.

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Acknowledgements

We thank National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200801), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872857), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY16C130007), Science and Technology project in Zhejiang province (2015C26005) and Project of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology (2017ZZKT10404) for financial support.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China

    Zhigang Bai, Jie Huang, Lianfeng Zhu, Xiaochuang Cao, Chunquan Zhu, Chu Zhong, Qianyu Jin & Junhua Zhang

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  1. Zhigang Bai
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  2. Jie Huang
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  3. Lianfeng Zhu
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  4. Xiaochuang Cao
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  7. Qianyu Jin
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  8. Junhua Zhang
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Correspondence to Junhua Zhang.

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Bai, Z., Huang, J., Zhu, L. et al. Effects of N application strategies on N leaching loss in paddy soil and N use characteristics in different super hybrid rice cultivars. Paddy Water Environ 18, 27–41 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-019-00762-x

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