Abstract
Reduction of soil ammonia (NH3) volatilization is very important for improving nitrogen use efficiency and decreasing environmental risks in agricultural production. Two long-term paddy-upland rotations, garlic-rice (GR) and wheat-rice (WR), were conducted to investigate the influence factors and difference of NH3 volatilization in paddy. Results showed that compared with WR, the loss amount of NH3 volatilization under GR only decreased by 5.5% when there were no rice plants growing in the soil, but decreased by 26.7% when there were rice plants growing. The decrease of NH3 volatilization under GR was mainly attributed to the 28.9% and 12.4% reduction in spikelet-developing fertilizer and base fertilizer, respectively. Dry matter accumulation and rice yield under GR was 8.2% and 8.9% higher than that under WR respectively, which leading to a 14.8% increase in nitrogen uptake by rice plants and 15.3–24.7% decrease in the average NH3 volatilization rate of spikelet-developing fertilizer. NH3 volatilization of base fertilizer was significant positively correlated with ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in paddy water. The soil C/N ratio increased by 4.2–13.3% under GR, which increased the adsorption capacity of ammoniacal nitrogen and decreased the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen in paddy water, leading to the average NH3 volatilization rate of base fertilizer under GR decreased by 12.0–16.4%. In conclusion, NH3 volatilization was determined by both soil and plant, and the effects of rice plants was more important. To increase soil organic matter content and improve rice growth and nitrogen uptake are promising strategies for decreasing NH3 volatilization in paddy fields.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province [Grant Number 2022NSFSC1637], the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [Grant Number U20A2022]. The authors would like to gratefully thank all the members of the Paddy Laboratory of Sichuan Agriculture University of China for their suggestions and help.
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WZ: Conceptualization, Writing- Original draft preparation, Data curation, Formal analysis Methodology. YF, YC, ZH, TW: Writing-Original draft preparation, Visualization, Investigation, Methodology. YC, FD, XL, YT: Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Resources. WR: Conceptualization, Supervision, Resources. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Zhou, W., Fan, Y., Chen, Y. et al. Promoting rice growth can effectively reduce NH3 volatilization in paddy soil under rice-based cropping system. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 128, 89–98 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-023-10336-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-023-10336-3