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Characterization of Trichoderma species isolated in Ecuador and their antagonistic activities against phytopathogenic fungi from Ecuador and Japan

  • Fungal Diseases
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Abstract

Native Trichoderma spp. were isolated from agricultural fields in several regions of Ecuador. These isolates were characterized via morphological observation as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, elongation factor-1α gene and RNA polymerase subunit II gene. Fifteen native Trichoderma spp. were identified as T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. virens and T. reesei. Some of these strains showed strong antagonistic activities against several important pathogens in Ecuador, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Panama disease) and Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) on banana, as well as Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) and Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches’ broom disease) on cacao. The isolates also showed inhibitory effects on in vitro colony growth tests against Japanese isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Alternaria alternata and Rosellinia necatrix. The native Trichoderma strains characterized here are potential biocontrol agents against important pathogens of banana and cacao in Ecuador.

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Acknowledgments

We thank T. Arie, T. Yasuda and D. G. Gilchrist for providing the fungal strains. This work was supported by the Global COE Program “Advanced Utilization of Fungus/Mushroom Resources for Sustainable Society in Harmony with Nature,” MEXT, Japan. We thank the National Secretary of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Education of Ecuador and the Biotechnology Research Center of Ecuador, Higher Polytechnic College of the Littoral CIBE-ESPOL for supporting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan

    Luis Galarza, Kazumi Takao & Motoichiro Kodama

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan

    Yasunori Akagi & Akihiro Itai

  3. Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan

    Chang Sun Kim & Nitaro Maekawa

  4. Biotechnology Research Center of Ecuador, Higher Polytechnic College of the Littoral CIBE-ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30, 5 Perimetral Road, Guayaquil, Ecuador

    Esther Peralta & Efrén Santos

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  1. Luis Galarza
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Correspondence to Motoichiro Kodama.

Electronic supplementary material

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10327_2015_587_MOESM1_ESM.tiff

Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 920 kb) Supplementary Fig. 1. Dual cultures to test antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum strains (T1, T3, T15, T19, T20 and T36) against pathogenic fungi and single cultures of each fungal pathogen after 10 days at 25 °C. A 5-mm-diameter mycelial disk of the respective fungi was placed on plates with the pathogen on lower side, Trichoderma spp. on upper side. (Foc) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Fo-01), (Mf) Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Ec-01), (Mr) Moniliophthora roreri (Cp-01), (Mp) Mo. perniciosa (MrEO-1), (Fol) F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Chz1-A), (Aa) Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype (As-27), (Rn) Rosellinia necatrix (ES-0601).

10327_2015_587_MOESM2_ESM.tiff

Supplementary material 2 (TIFF 1114 kb) Supplementary Fig. 2. Dual cultures to test antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum strains (T2, T4, T5, T9, T10, T13 and T18) against pathogenic fungi and single cultures of each fungal pathogen after 10 days at 25°C. A 5-mm-diameter mycelial disk of the respective fungi was placed on plates with the pathogen on lower side, Trichoderma spp. on upper side. Pathogens: (Foc) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Fo-01), (Mf) Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Ec-01), (Mr) Moniliophthora roreri (Cp-01), (Mp) Mo. perniciosa (MrEO-1), (Fol) F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Chz1-A), (Aa) Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype (As-27), (Rn) Rosellinia necatrix (ES-0601).

10327_2015_587_MOESM3_ESM.tiff

Supplementary material 3 (TIFF 983 kb) Supplementary Fig. 3. Dual cultures to test antagonism of Trichoderma reesei strain (T29) and T. virens strain (T43) against pathogenic fungi and single cultures of each fungal pathogen after 10 days at 25°C. A 5-mm-diameter mycelial disk of the respective fungi was placed on plates with the pathogen on lower side, Trichoderma spp. on upper side. Pathogens: (Foc) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Fo-01), (Mf) Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Ec-01), (Mr) Moniliophthora roreri (Cp-01), (Mp) Mo. perniciosa (MrEO-1), (Fol) F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Chz1-A), (Aa) Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype (As-27), (Rn) Rosellinia necatrix (ES-0601).

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Galarza, L., Akagi, Y., Takao, K. et al. Characterization of Trichoderma species isolated in Ecuador and their antagonistic activities against phytopathogenic fungi from Ecuador and Japan. J Gen Plant Pathol 81, 201–210 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-015-0587-x

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