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Trisomie 21, Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ und Epilepsie

Down syndrome, Alzheimer dementia, and epilpesy

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz von Epilepsien bei Personen mit Down-Syndrom (DS) ist in den zurückliegenden Jahrzehnten angestiegen, offensichtlich v. a. infolge einer Zunahme von epileptischen Anfallsleiden im höheren Patientenalter bei diesem Syndrom und parallel zu einer deutlichen Zunahme der Lebenserwartung von Menschen mit DS im Verlauf des 20. Jh.s. Die Prävalenz von Epilepsien bei Trisomie 21 liegt, alle Altersstufen zusammengenommen, nach neueren Studien bei 8–27%. Im Rahmen einer Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (AD) manifestieren sich beim DS Epilepsien häufig erstmalig (z. T. in mehr als zwei Drittel der Fälle) und erheblich häufiger als bei AD-Patienten, die nicht von einer Trisomie 21 betroffen sind. In diesem Zusammenhang auftretende Epilepsien sind in der Literatur mit einem sehr einheitlichen Erscheinungsbild beschrieben: Myoklonien und generalisiert tonisch-klinische Anfälle sind die im Wesentlichen beobachteten Anfallstypen, die (zumindest zeitweise) vorwiegend in der Aufwachphase registriert werden.

Abstract

The prevalence of epilepsy in Down syndrome (DS) has increased markedly over the last few decades and, according to more recent studies, is estimated to be 8–27%. When persons with DS develop Alzheimer disease (AD), more than two-thirds of the cases experience seizures for the first time. This is much more frequent than expected from non-Down syndrome patients with AD. Very similar semiology and courses of epilepsy in this situation have been described in case reports and small patient samples with myoclonic and generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring, at least temporarily, after awakening.

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  1. Séguin-Klinik für Menschen mit schwerer geistiger Behinderung, Epilepsiezentrum Kork, 77694, Kehl-Kork, Deutschland

    P. Martin

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Martin, P. Trisomie 21, Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ und Epilepsie. Z. Epileptol. 25, 41–48 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-011-0212-8

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