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Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf : ethnopharmacologie, phytochimie, activités pharmacologiques et toxicologie

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf: ethnopharmacology, phytochemical, pharmacological activities and toxicology

  • Matière Médicale
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf est une herbe aromatique vivace appartenant à la famille des Poaceae (Graminées), utilisée traditionnellement pour soigner diverses maladies. De nombreuses études ont montré que cette plante possède des propriétés antimicrobiennes, antifongiques, antiinflammatoires, anti-oxydantes, anti-cancérigènes, antidiabétiques, cardiovasculaires, insecticides et antiparasitaires. Les molécules les plus importantes responsables de ses propriétés thérapeutiques sont: citral, myrcène, limonène, tanins, acétate de nérol, acétate de néryl, linalool, acétate de géranyl, terpinène-4-ol, β-caryophyllène, géraniol, saponosides, composés phénoliques, flavonoïdes. Bien que les extraits du C. citratus ou certains de ses constituants tels que le citral, le myrcène et le limonène soient toxiques à forte dose, aucun cas d’intoxication relatif à l’utilisation du C. citratus n’a été décrit dans la littérature. Cet article est un résumé non-exhaustif de la description botanique, de l’ethnopharmacologie, de la phytochimie, de l’activité pharmacologique et de la toxicité du C. citratus.

Abstract

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf is a perennial aromatic herb belonging to Poaceae (Gramineae) traditionally used to treat various diseases. Many studies have shown that this plant has an antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardiovascular, insecticide and pesticide properties. The most important molecules responsible for its therapeutic properties are: citral, β-myrcene, limonene, tannins, nerol acetate, neryl acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, β-caryophyllene, geraniol, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds. Although extracts of C. citratus or some of its components such as citral, β-myrcene and limonene are toxic at high doses, no cases of human intoxication related to the use of C. citratus was described in literature. This article is a non-exhaustive summary of the botanical description, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicity of C. citratus.

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  1. Service de pharmacologie clinique, Unité de formation et de recherche sciences médicales Abidjan, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire, France

    N. M. Kouame, M. Kamagate, C. Koffi, H. M. Die-Kakou, N. A. R. Yao & A. Kakou

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  1. N. M. Kouame
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  2. M. Kamagate
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  3. C. Koffi
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  4. H. M. Die-Kakou
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  5. N. A. R. Yao
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  6. A. Kakou
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Correspondence to N. M. Kouame.

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Kouame, N.M., Kamagate, M., Koffi, C. et al. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf : ethnopharmacologie, phytochimie, activités pharmacologiques et toxicologie. Phytothérapie 14, 384–392 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-015-1014-3

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