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Multipath mitigation via component analysis methods for GPS dynamic deformation monitoring

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Abstract

Multipath is one of the main error sources in high-precision global positioning system (GPS) dynamic deformation monitoring, as it is difficult to be mitigated by differencing between observations. In addition, since a specific frequency threshold value between multipath and deformation signals may not exist, multipath is usually inseparable from the low-frequency vibration signal using conventional frequency-domain filter methods. However, the multipath repeats in two sidereal days when the surroundings of a GPS antenna remain unchanged. This characteristic can be exploited to model and thus mitigate multipath effectively in dynamic deformation monitoring. Unfortunately, a major issue is that the degree of repeatability decreases as the interval between first day and subsequent days increases. To overcome this problem, we develop a new sidereal filtering referred to as reference EMD-ICA (EMD-ICA-R), where empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and independent component analysis (ICA) are jointly used to model multipath and renew the reference multipath. For the successful implementation of the EMD-ICA-R, an a priori denoised multipath signal is needed as a reference. We further propose to use the principal component analysis (PCA) method to extract more accurate reference multipath signal and form a combined PCA-EMD-ICA-R approach. Simulation experiments with a motion simulation platform were conducted, and the testing results indicate that the proposed methods can mitigate the multipath by around 67 % when a reliable reference multipath signal is extracted from a static situation. Furthermore, simulation experiments with different deformation signals added into the coordinate time series of three consecutive days show that the two proposed methods are also effective in a dynamic situation. Since wavelet filtering is used to denoise the reference multipath signals in the new approaches, simulation experiments with several wavelet filters are tested, and the results indicate that the PCA-EMD-ICA-R approach can work well with various wavelet filters.

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Abbreviations

EMD:

Empirical mode decomposition

ICA:

Independent component analysis

ICA-R:

ICA with reference

PCA:

Principal component analysis

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41074004) and the State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2013CB733303). The authors would like to thank Prof. Alfred Leick and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions helped to improve the manuscript. Xiaolin Meng is thanked for constructive discussion on multipath and polishing of the writing.

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Correspondence to Wujiao Dai.

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Dai, W., Huang, D. & Cai, C. Multipath mitigation via component analysis methods for GPS dynamic deformation monitoring. GPS Solut 18, 417–428 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-013-0341-9

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