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In vitro cytotoxicity of metallic ions released from dental alloys

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Abstract

The cytotoxicity of a dental alloy depends on, but is not limited to, the extent of its corrosion behavior. Individual ions may have effects on cell viability that are different from metals interacting within the alloy structure. We aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of individual metal ions in concentrations similar to those reported to be released from Pd-based dental alloys on mouse fibroblast cells. Metal salts were used to prepare seven solutions (concentration range 100 ppm–1 ppb) of the transition metals, such as Ni(II), Pd(II), Cu(II), and Ag(I), and the metals, such as Ga(III), In(III), and Sn(II). Cytotoxicity on mouse fibroblasts L929 was evaluated using the MTT assay. Ni, Cu, and Ag are cytotoxic at 10 ppm, Pd and Ga at 100 ppm. Sn and In were not able to induce cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations. Transition metals were able to induce cytotoxic effects in concentrations similar to those reported to be released from Pd-based dental alloys. Ni, Cu, and Ag were the most cytotoxic followed by Pd and Ga; Sn and In were not cytotoxic. Cytotoxic reactions might be considered in the etiopathogenesis of clinically observed local adverse reactions.

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Acknowledgments

The staff of the department of Fixed Prosthodontics and the Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (TMDU) is greatly acknowledged for their personal and technical assistance during the period of this investigation.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dental Materials Science, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Ana Milheiro, Cornelis J. Kleverlaan, Joris Muris & Albert J. Feilzer

  2. Department of Material Biofunctions, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan

    Kosuke Nozaki

  3. Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan

    Hiroyuki Miura

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  1. Ana Milheiro
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  2. Kosuke Nozaki
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  3. Cornelis J. Kleverlaan
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  4. Joris Muris
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  5. Hiroyuki Miura
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  6. Albert J. Feilzer
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Correspondence to Ana Milheiro.

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Milheiro, A., Nozaki, K., Kleverlaan, C.J. et al. In vitro cytotoxicity of metallic ions released from dental alloys. Odontology 104, 136–142 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-014-0192-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-014-0192-z

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