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Evaluation of a coal seam roof water inrush: case study in the Wangjialing coal mine, China

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Abstract

The Wangjialing Mine in southern Shanxi Province is seriously threatened by roof water and is infamous for a water inrush disaster that happened there in 2010. A root-cause-analysis was conducted. Three key issues, the height of the mining-induced fractured zone in formations overlying the coal seam, the water yield of aquifers overlying the coal seam, and working face water inflows before and after pretreatment of roof water-bearing aquifers, were studied based on the “three maps–two predictions” approach. According to the multi-source information composite principle, abundance zoning maps of the roof aquifer were made using the overlapping function of geographic information system (GIS) for five controlling factors: aquifer thickness, total core recovery, drilling fluid quantity, permeability, and thickness of brittle and plastic strata. Borehole-specific data from in-situ pumping tests were used to verify the water abundance results. For areas that did not meet the verification requirements, the weights of the controlling factors were calibrated by reestablishing the analytic hierarchy process judgment matrix. The total height of the fractured zone within the #2 coal seam roof was calculated using an empirical formula. An established roof crack safety zoning map was used to evaluate that aspect. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the groundwater flow system was established based on the site conceptual model of the roof aquifer and was used to predict the working face inflows. The results indicated that the 20,518 working face of the 205 panel had the greatest abundance of water.

抽象

王家岭煤矿位于山西省南部,受顶板水害威胁严重;2010年曾发生严重的“3.28”突水事故。基于“三图-双预测法”研究了煤层顶板导水裂隙带高度、充水含水层富水性和含水层处理前后工作面涌水量。运用GIS对影响含水层富水性的含水层厚度、岩心采取率、钻孔冲洗液消耗量、渗透系数及顶板脆/塑岩层比等5个因素进行多源信息叠加,绘制充水含水层富水性分区图。利用现场试验所得钻孔单位涌水量验证富水性评价结果,运用层次分析判断矩阵法修正不吻合区的多因素权重。运用经验统计公式计算2#煤层顶板导水裂缝带高度,建立了煤层顶板冒裂安全性分区图。两个分区图叠加生成突水危险性评价图。根据王家岭矿2#煤层顶板充水水文地质概念模型,建立地下水流系统三维数值模拟模型以预测工作面涌水量。结果表明205盘区20518工作面富水性最强。

Zusammenfassung

Die Wangjialing Mine in der südchinesichen Provinz Shanxi ist durch hangendes Grundwasser gefährdet. Im Jahr 2010 ereignete sich dort ein katastrophaler Wassereinbruch. Eine Ursachenanalyse wurde durch-geführt. Dazu wurden drei Schwerpunktthemen untersucht: die Höhe der bergbauinduzierten Bruchzone im Hangenden des Kohleflözes; die Ergiebigkeit der Grundwasserleiter im Hangenden des Kohleflözes sowie der Zustrombereich vor und nach der Vorbehandlung der wasserführenden Grundwasserleiter. Dafür wurde das sogenannte 3-Karten-2-Vorhersagen-Konzept genutzt. Mittels geographischem Informationssystem (GIS) wurden thematische Karten der hangenden Grundwasserleiter erstellt. Diese enthielten fünf wesentliche Informationen: Grundwasserleiter¬mächtigkeit, Kerngewinn, Menge der Bohrspülung sowie Durchlässigkeit und Mächtigkeit der brüchigen und der plastischen Schichten. Bohrloch¬spezifische Ergebnisse aus Pumpversuchen wurden genutzt, um das Wasserdargebot zu ermitteln. Die Gesamthöhe der Bruchzone im Hangenden des 2. Kohleflözes wurde mit Hilfe einer empirischen Gleichung berechnet. Zur Bewertung wurde eine Karte der Sicherheitszone für den Firsteneinsturz verwendet. Der Zustrombereich des Grundwassers aus dem Hangenden wurde mit einem dreidimensionalen numerischen Grund¬wasserströmungsmodell prognostiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Abbaustoß 20518 im Abbaufeld 205 die größte Wasserhöffigkeit aufweist.

Resumen

La mina Wangjialing en el sur de la provincia Shanxi está seriamente amenazada por el agua del techo y es conocida por un desastre provocado por irrupción de agua que ocurrió en 2010. Se realizó un análisis de causa-raíz. Basados en la aproximación “tres mapas-2 predicciones“ se estudiaron tres problemas centrales: la altura de la zona de fractura inducida por las tareas mineras en las formaciones que rodean la veta de carbón, el contenido de agua de los acuíferos que rodean la veta de carbón y los afluentes de agua hacia la cara de trabajo antes y después del pretratamiento de los techos conteniendo acuíferos. De acuerdo al principio de información multifuente, las mapas de zonas del acuífero del techo fueron hechos usando una función superpuesta del sistema de información geográfica (GIS) para cinco factores de control: espesor del acuífero, recuperación del núcleo total, cantidad del fluido de perforación, permeabilidad y grosor de los estratos frágiles y plásticos. Para verificar los resultados de abundancia de agua se utilizaron datos específicos de pozos de las pruebas de bombeo in situ. En las áreas donde no se verificaron los requerimientos, los pesos de los factores fueron calibrados por restablecimiento de la matriz de comparación del proceso jerárquico analítico. El peso total de la zona fractura dentro del techo de la veta de carbón #2 fue calculado a través de una fórmula empírica. Para evaluar este aspecto se utilizó un mapa de zonificación de la seguridad de la grieta del techo. Se estableció una simulación numérica tridimensional del sistema de flujo del agua subterránea basado sobre el modelo del acuífero del techo y fue usado para predecir los entradas a través de las caras de trabajo. Los resultados indicaron que la cara 20518 del panel 205 tenía la mayor abundancia de agua.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the: China National Scientific and Technical Support Program (2016YFC0801801), China National Natural Science Foundation (41572222, 41430318, 41602262), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2010YD02), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M601172), and the Open Fund of the Hebei State Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention (KJZH2016K01). The authors also thank the editors and reviewers for their constructive suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Control, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yifan Zeng, Qiang Wu & Shouqiang Liu

  2. Hebei State Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing, 101601, Yanjiao, China

    Yifan Zeng & Huiqing Lian

  3. The 4th Geological Team of Hebei Geology and Mining Bureau, Chengde, 067000, China

    Yanliang Zhai

  4. Northwest Nonferrous Survey Engineering Co. Ltd., Xi’an, 710054, China

    Wei Zhang

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  1. Yifan Zeng
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  2. Qiang Wu
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Correspondence to Yifan Zeng.

Electronic supplementary material

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Supplementary Fig. 1: The caving safety zoning map of Permian sandstone aquifer of #2 coal seam roof (PDF 203 KB)

10230_2017_459_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Supplementary Fig. 2a–e: Thematic map of water yield property evaluation (a) The thematic map of the thickness of Permian sandstone aquifer, (b) The thematic map of the recovery ratio of core, (c) The thematic map of the drilling fluid quantity, (d) The thematic map of the thickness ratio of brittle rock and plastic rock, (e) The thematic map of the permeability coefficient (PDF 1611 KB)

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Zeng, Y., Wu, Q., Liu, S. et al. Evaluation of a coal seam roof water inrush: case study in the Wangjialing coal mine, China. Mine Water Environ 37, 174–184 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-017-0459-z

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