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Cutaneous Effects of Smoking

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Background

Cigarette smoking is the single biggest preventable cause of death and disability in developed countries and is a significant public health concern. While known to be strongly associated with a number of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and cancers, smoking also leads to a variety of cutaneous manifestations.

Objective

This article reviews the effects of cigarette smoking on the skin and its appendages.

Methods

A literature review was based on a MEDLINE search (1966–2004) for English-language articles using the MeSH terms cutaneous, dermatology, tobacco, skin, and smoking. An additional search was subsequently undertaken for articles related to smoking and associated mucocutanous diseases, with the focus on pathogenesis and epidemiologic data. Articles presenting the highest level of evidence and latest reports were preferentially selected.

Results

Smoking is strongly associated with numerous dermatologic conditions including poor wound healing, wrinkling and premature skin aging, squamous cell carcinoma, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, hair loss, oral cancers, and other oral conditions. In addition, it has an impact on the skin lesions observed in diabetes, lupus, and AIDS. The evidence linking smoking and melanoma, eczema, and acne is inconclusive. Anecdotal data exist on the possible protective effects of smoking in oral/genital aphthosis of Behçet’s disease, herpes labialis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acral melanoma, and Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS patients.

Conclusions

An appreciation of the adverse cutaneous consequences of smoking is important. Dermatologists can play an integral role in promoting smoking cessation by providing expert opinion and educating the public on the deleterious effects of smoking on the skin.

Sommaire

Antécédents

L’habitude de fumer est la plus importante cause évitable de décès et d’invalidité dans les pays développés et représente une préoccupation de santé publique non négligeable. En plus d’être associée de près à un nombre de maladies cardiovasculaires et pulmonaires, l’habitude de fumer cause également diverses manifestations cutanées.

Objectif

Le présent article passe en revue les effets de la cigarette sur la peau et ses phanères.

Méthodes

Recherche dans la base de données MEDLINE (de 1966 à 2004) des articles rédigés en anglais, en utilisant les termes clés: cutaneous, dermatology, tobacco, skin, et smoking (cutané, dermatologie, tabac, peau et fumer). Une recherche additionnelle a été entreprise sur les articles visant l’habitude de fumer et sur les maladies mucocutanées connexes, en portant une attention particulière à la pathogenèse et aux données épidémiologiques. Les articles comportant le plus haut niveau de preuves et les rapports les plus récents ont été retenus.

Résultats

L’habitude de fumer est associée de très près à un nombre de conditions dermatologiques, y compris la cicatrisation lente des plaies, les rides et le vieillissement prématuré de la peau, les carcinomes cellulaires squameux, le psoriasis, l’hidrosadénite, la perte de cheveux, le cancer buccal et d’autres conditions de la bouche. De plus, l’habitude de fumer a des effets sur les lésions cutanées observées chez les diabétiques et les patients souffrant de lupus et de SEDA. Les preuves qui établissent un lien entre l’habitude de fumer et le mélanome, l’eczema et l’acné ne sont pas concluantes. Des données non scientifiques existent sur les potentiels effets protecteurs de la cigarette contre l’aphtose orale/génitale de la maladie de Behçet, l’herpès de la lèvre, pyoderma gangrenosum, le mélanome acral et le sarcome de Kaposi chez les sidatiques.

Conclusions

Une évaluation des conséquences néfastes de l’habitude de fumer est importante. Les dermatologues peuvent jouer un rôle important dans la promotion de la désaccoutumance au tabac en fournissant des opinions professionnelles à ce sujet et en éduquant le public sur les effets nocifs de l’habitude de fumer pour la peau.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Anatoli Freiman & Garrett Bird

  2. Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Andrei I. Metelitsa, Benjamin Barankin & Gilles J. Lauzon

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  1. Anatoli Freiman
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Correspondence to Anatoli Freiman.

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Freiman, A., Bird, G., Metelitsa, A.I. et al. Cutaneous Effects of Smoking. J Cutan Med Surg 8, 415–423 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10227-005-0020-8

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