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Renal morphology and function from childhood to adulthood in Turner syndrome

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Abstract

Background

Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder with various complications, including congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). However, its renal function remains poorly known. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate renal function in TS of various ages from childhood to adulthood.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 63 patients with TS who visited our hospital between 1989 and 2020, examined their renal morphology, and analyzed renal function by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using formulas applicable for Japanese populations.

Results

Renal morphological abnormality was observed in 22 cases (35.0%) (horseshoe kidney, 7 [11.1%]; hydronephrosis, 11 [17.5%]; duplex collecting system, 3 [4.8%]; and single unilateral kidney, 1 [1.6%]). We evaluated the eGFR of 47 subjects aged 2.8–39.3 years and classified them into Group 1 (with CAKUT, n = 15) and Group 2 (without CAKUT, n = 32). The eGFR at the first visit and the final follow-up was not statistically different between these groups. In Group 1 with CAKUT, the eGFR was not significantly different between that at the first visit and that at the final follow-up (p = 0.21). During the observation period (median, 7.9 years), the eGFR of all individuals in both groups gradually decreased with age, but did not fall < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, which defines chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Conclusions

The renal function of TS remained normal in all cases during our investigation period, and no one developed CKD by the age of 40 years.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Koichi Kamei, M.D., Ph.D., for his expert advice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Toranomon hospital, 2-2-2 Tranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1058470, Japan

    Tetsushi Ogawa, Fumihiko Takizawa, Yuri Mukoyama, Atsushi Ogawa & Junko Ito

Authors
  1. Tetsushi Ogawa
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  2. Fumihiko Takizawa
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  3. Yuri Mukoyama
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  4. Atsushi Ogawa
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  5. Junko Ito
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Contributions

Conceptualization: TO, FT, YM, AO, JI. Data curation: TO, FT, YM, AO, JI. Formal analysis: TO, FT. Funding acquisition: None. Investigation: TO. Methodology: TO. Project administration: TO. Resources: None. Software: TO. Supervision: JI. Validation: TO. Visualization: TO. Roles/Writing—original draft: TO. Writing—review and editing: TO, JI.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tetsushi Ogawa.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Ethics Committee of Toranomon Hospital (Approval No. 2088) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was not required because of the nonintervention and retrospective study design. For chromosome analysis, written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants or their parents.

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Ogawa, T., Takizawa, F., Mukoyama, Y. et al. Renal morphology and function from childhood to adulthood in Turner syndrome. Clin Exp Nephrol 25, 633–640 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-021-02031-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-021-02031-w

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