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Identification of glutathione S-transferase genes responding to pathogen infestation in Populus tomentosa

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Abstract

Stem blister canker, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is becoming the most serious disease of poplar in China. The molecular basis of the poplar in response to stem blister canker is not well understood. To reveal the global transcriptional changes of poplar to infection by B. dothidea, Solexa paired-end sequencing of complementary DNAs (cDNAs) from control (NB) and pathogen-treated samples (WB) was performed, resulting in a total of 339,283 transcripts and 183,881 unigenes. A total of 206,586 transcripts were differentially expressed in response to pathogen stress (false discovery rate ≤0.05 and an absolute value of log2Ratio (NB/WB) ≥1). In enrichment analysis, energy metabolism and redox reaction-related macromolecules were accumulated significantly in Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses, indicating components of dynamic defense against the fungus. A total of 852 transcripts (575 upregulated and 277 downregulated transcripts) potentially involved in plant–pathogen interaction were also differentially regulated, including genes encoding proteins linked to signal transduction (putative leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein kinases and calcium-binding proteins), defense (pathogenesis-related protein 1), and cofactors (jasmonate-ZIM-domain-containing proteins and heat shock proteins). Moreover, transcripts encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST) were accumulated to high levels, revealing key genes and proteins potentially related to pathogen resistance. Poplar RNA sequence data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), which revealed a highly reliability of the transcriptomic profiling data.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Science & Technology Pillar Programe (2012BAD01B0302), National High Technology Research and Development Program (2013AA102703), and the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team Program (IRT13047) of China. We sincerely thank Professor Wei He at the Beijing Forestry University for providing Botryosphaeria dothidea strain.

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  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, P.O. Box 118, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Weihua Liao, Lexiang Ji, Jia Wang, Zhong Chen, Meixia Ye, Huandi Ma & Xinmin An

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  1. Weihua Liao
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  2. Lexiang Ji
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Correspondence to Xinmin An.

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Table S1

List of DETs highly expressed following infection. Putative functions were determined by BLASTing against the Nr (non-redundant) and Swiss-prot databases using an E-value of 1.00E-5. (XLS 189 kb)

Table S2

Summary and functional annotation of DETs identified related to plant–pathogen interaction. DETs listed in this table were identified by their functional annotations. (XLS 536 kb)

Table S3

Annotation and categories of transcription factors. Transcripts were identified as transcription factors by BLASTing against the TAIR database (http://www.arabidopsis.org/index.jsp), which contains a list of 5597 TFs, classified into 50 TF families, their names, AGI accession numbers, and putative functions. TFs highly expressed following infection are listed with their fold-changes, AGI accession numbers, and putative functions. (XLS 659 kb)

Table S4

Sequences of validated genes and primers used for RT-qPCR verification. (XLS 68 kb)

Figure S1

Identification of DETs between the NB and WB libraries. (A) Venn-diagram of expressed poplar transcripts. The upper circle represents for WB library (325,873 transcripts), and the lower circle represents for NB library (276,266 transcripts). The hatched area represents all DETs (206,586 transcripts). 130,159 DETs and 132,697 unchanged transcripts were expressed in both libraries (section c and section b, respectively). 63,017 DETs were expressed only in the WB library (section a), and 13,410 DETs were expressed only in the NB library (section d). (B) Ln-transformed expression levels of poplar transcripts. DETs were determined using a threshold of FDR ≤ 0.05 and an absolute value of log2Ratio (NB/WB) ≥ 1. DETs are colored green (downregulated), red (upregulated), or blue (not DETs). The x-axis represents the ratio of log10 (NB RPKM), and the y-axis represents the ratio of log10 (WB RPKM). (GIF 45 kb)

High resolution image (EPS 28240 kb)

Figure S2

Validation of RNA-Seq results by RT-qPCR. The x- and y-axis indicate the ratio of log2 fold change in RT-qPCR and RNA-Seq. The figure shows 18 differentially expressed genes, each of which is represented by two treatments (uninfected and infected with B. dothidea). RT-qPCR data represent the mean values of three independent replicates. (GIF 2 kb)

High resolution image (EPS 10756 kb)

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Liao, W., Ji, L., Wang, J. et al. Identification of glutathione S-transferase genes responding to pathogen infestation in Populus tomentosa . Funct Integr Genomics 14, 517–529 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-014-0379-y

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