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Transcriptome Profiling of Gill Tissue in Regionally Bred and Globally Farmed Rainbow Trout Strains Reveals Different Strategies for Coping with Thermal Stress

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Abstract

Thermal stress can pose a major challenge to salmonid fish. A 4x44K oligonucleotide microarray approach was used to screen for genetically determined variations of a temperature stress response during acclimation in fish gills, a highly specialized and complex organ responsible for gas and electrolyte exchange as well as excretion. The comparison addressed transcriptional changes in the local breeding strain BORN and imported (TCO) rainbow trout after graded 2-week acclimation to 8 and 23 °C. Besides well-characterized mediators of thermoregulation such as genes encoding cold-inducible RNA-binding protein and heat shock proteins, the present microarray study suggests several new candidate genes commonly regulated in gills of the two trout lines. Having identified the differential expression of thermoregulated genes as duplicated paralogues, they were subsequently validated in a gill cell model. Moreover, the comparison of transcriptome profiles provides evidence for distinctively employed expression patterns. The induction of genes encoding factors of the early innate immunity in BORN trout upon warming contrasts with the increased expression of adaptive immune genes in import trout. Cold acclimation induced genes assigned to the functional categories “cell death” and “ion channel activity” in import trout, but repressed “lipid metabolism.” This manuscript provides an overview of the genes of the multifunctional gills in rainbow trout that are mandated after temperature change, suggesting links between the different temperature-dependent pathways and gene networks.

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Acknowledgments

This work is coordinated by the Campus bioFISCH-MV and is funded by the European Fisheries Fund (EFF) and the Ministry of Agriculture, the Environment and Consumer Protection Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (pilot project: Rainbow trout BORN). We wish to acknowledge I. Hennings and B. Schöpel for expert technical assistance.

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  1. Institut für Genombiologie, Leibniz-Institut für Nutztierbiologie (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany

    Alexander Rebl, Marieke Verleih, Judith M. Köbis, Klaus Wimmers & Tom Goldammer

  2. Institut für Fischerei, Landesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Fischerei Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LFA-MV), Rostock, Germany

    Carsten Kühn

  3. Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany

    Bernd Köllner

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  1. Alexander Rebl
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  2. Marieke Verleih
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Correspondence to Tom Goldammer.

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The percentage of overrepresented genes assigned to specific biological functions in either BORN or import trout at both temperatures is presented. Note that neither genes linked with protein synthesis nor genes related to energy production are stronger expressed in BORN trout. The percentage of overrepresented genes involved in selected biological functions is shown for gill tissue of BORN (black columns) and import trout (grey) at 8 °C (filled) and 23 °C (hatched) according to IPA analysis. Most significant biological functions are denoted with asterisks, whereas *** indicate lowest p-values (DOCX 44 kb)

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Rebl, A., Verleih, M., Köbis, J.M. et al. Transcriptome Profiling of Gill Tissue in Regionally Bred and Globally Farmed Rainbow Trout Strains Reveals Different Strategies for Coping with Thermal Stress. Mar Biotechnol 15, 445–460 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-013-9501-8

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