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Microarray Analysis Highlights Immune Response of Pacific Oysters as a Determinant of Resistance to Summer Mortality

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Abstract

Summer mortality of Crassostrea gigas is the result of a complex interaction between oysters, their environment, and pathogens. A high heritability was estimated for resistance to summer mortality, which provided an opportunity to develop lines of oysters that were resistant (R) or susceptible (S) to summer mortality. Previous genome-wide expression profiling study of R and S oyster gonads highlighted reproduction and antioxidant defense as constitutive pathways that operate differentially between these two lines. Here, we show that signaling in innate immunity also operates differentially between these lines, and we hypothesize that this is at the main determinant of their difference in survival in the field. A reanalysis of our published microarray data using separate ANOVAs at each sampling date revealed a specific “immune” profile at the date preceding the mortality. In addition, we conducted additional microarray profiling of two other tissues, gills, and muscle, and both showed an overrepresentation of immune genes (46%) among those that are differentially expressed between the two lines. Eleven genes were pinpointed to be simultaneously differentially expressed between R and S lines in the three tissues. Among them, ten are related to “Immune Response.” For these genes, the kinetics of R mRNA levels between sampling dates appeared different just before the morality peak and suggests that under field conditions, R oysters had the capacity to modulate signaling in innate immunity whereas S oysters did not. This study enhances our understanding of the complex summer mortality syndrome and provides candidates of interest for further functional and genetics studies.

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Acknowledgments

This study was conducted as part of the European program “Aquafirst” and the network of excellence “Marine Genomic Europe.” The authors are grateful to P. Boudry for his support during the course of this work and as the supervisors with L. Dégremont of the selective breeding program. We also acknowledge P. Favrel for helpful discussion. The authors are indebted to J.Y. Daniel, V. Quillien, V. Boulo, C. Sauvage, and J. Moal (best wishes for a long and enjoyable retirement) for their helpful assistance. We thank all the staff of the Argenton, Bouin, and La Tremblade stations for providing experimental oysters. We are indebted to Scott Pavey for his help in editing the English language. We also thank P. Prunet from INRA-SCRIBE, the SIGENAE team (INRA Toulouse, France) for bioinformatic tool development (http://www.sigenae.org), and the team of the INRA IFR 140 transcriptomic facility (Rennes, France).

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  1. Elodie Fleury

    Present address: Ifremer, LER/MPL, 12 rue des Résistants, 56470, La Trinité Sur Mer, France

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  1. Ifremer, UMR 100 Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins, Centre de Brest, BP 70, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Elodie Fleury & Arnaud Huvet

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  1. Elodie Fleury
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Correspondence to Arnaud Huvet.

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Fleury, E., Huvet, A. Microarray Analysis Highlights Immune Response of Pacific Oysters as a Determinant of Resistance to Summer Mortality. Mar Biotechnol 14, 203–217 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-011-9403-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-011-9403-6

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