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Effect of Early Introduction of Microencapsulated Diet to Larval Atlantic Halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Assessed by Microarray Analysis

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Abstract

An experimental microdiet prepared using an internal gelation method was used to partially replace the traditional live feed (Artemia) for larval Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Three trials were conducted with microdiet introduced at 20, 32, and 43 days post first feeding and larvae were sampled at approximately 2, 13, 23, and 33 days after microdiet introduction in each trial. The success of feeding was assessed by morphometrics and histological analysis of gut contents. Microdiet particles were readily consumed after a period of adaptation and provided an adequate source of nutrients with no significant increase in mortality in the microdiet-fed group compared to the control group. However, growth was limited and there was an increased incidence of malpigmentation of the eye and skin. Subtle changes in underlying digestive and developmental physiology were revealed by microarray analysis of RNA from control and experimental fish given microdiet from day 20 post first feeding. Fifty-eight genes were differentially expressed over the four sampling times in the course of the trial and the 28 genes with annotated functions fell into five major categories: metabolism and biosynthesis, cell division and proliferation, protein trafficking, cell structure, and stress. Interestingly, several of these genes were involved in pigmentation and eye development, in agreement with the phenotypic abnormalities seen in the larvae.

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Acknowledgements

This project entitled: PLEUROGENE: Flatfish genomics—Enhancing commercial culture of Atlantic halibut and Senegal sole, was funded by the Genome Canada–Genome España joint program. Dr. Vindhya Mohindra was supported by an Overseas Associateship from the Department of Biotechnology, India. We thank Sean Tibbetts for the initial preparation of the microdiet, David O'Neil of the IMB microscopy laboratory for the electron micrographs of the microdiet, Jason Williams of the IMB microarray laboratory for the assistance with the microarrays, and the staff of Scotian Halibut Ltd. for the sampling. The critical review of this manuscript by Darrin Reid is gratefully acknowledged. All microarray data have been deposited at the Gene Expression Omnibus with accession number GSE13024. This is NRC publication number 2009-42827.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 3Z1

    H. M. Murray, S. P. Lall, R. M. Flight, V. Mohindra & S. E. Douglas

  2. Genome Atlantic, 1721 Lower Water Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3J 1S5

    R. Rajaselvam & L. A. Boutilier

  3. Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4J3

    R. M. Flight

  4. Scotian Halibut Ltd., 25 Kenny Street, Clark’s Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada, B0W 1P0

    H. M. Murray, B. Blanchard & S. Colombo

  5. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkhusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    V. Mohindra

  6. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Apartado Oficial, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain

    M. Yúfera

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  1. H. M. Murray
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  2. S. P. Lall
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  3. R. Rajaselvam
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  9. M. Yúfera
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  10. S. E. Douglas
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Correspondence to S. E. Douglas.

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Murray, H.M., Lall, S.P., Rajaselvam, R. et al. Effect of Early Introduction of Microencapsulated Diet to Larval Atlantic Halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Assessed by Microarray Analysis. Mar Biotechnol 12, 214–229 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-009-9211-4

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