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Larval hatching and development of the wedge shell (Donax trunculus L.) under increased CO2 in southern Portugal

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Abstract

Noticeable changes in global temperatures, climate and ocean carbon chemistry are the result of carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere. This increase has been mitigated by the oceans capacity to absorb one-fourth of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, although this CO2 intake affects oceans carbonate chemistry [i.e., ocean acidification—(OA)]. The detrimental effect of OA in the development and shell formation has been studied in several species of bivalves, although no information is available on the wedge shell Donax trunculus, a gastronomically appreciated species and an important economical resource in several southern European countries. We evaluated the effect of pCO2 increase on hatching and early life stages of D. trunculus, considering two ocean acidification scenarios (ΔpH −0.3 and ΔpH −0.6). Our results showed that elevated pCO2 caused a delay in hatching into D-larvae and reduced larvae survival. In the extreme scenario (ΔpH −0.6), some trochophore larvae persisted to day 9 of the experiment and more abnormal larvae were produced than in the ΔpH −0.3 and control treatments. At day 5, normal veligers under extreme acidification were smaller than in other treatments, but by day 9, these differences were attenuated and the average size of normal D-larvae varied inversely to the pH gradient. Possible underlying mechanisms for these complex response patterns are discussed, including the existence of phenotypic plasticity or genetic pre-adaptive capacity in this D. trunculus population to cope with future environmental changes.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Sr. Mauricio Teixeira for system maintenance assistance. This work was supported by the grants SFRH/BD/40430/2007 and SFRH/BPD/69959/2010, awarded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia to A.M.P and P.R, respectively.

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Author notes

  1. Pedro Range

    Present address: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal

    Alexandre Miguel Pereira, Sandra Joaquim, Domitília Matias & Miguel Baptista Gaspar

  2. Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Pedro Range

  3. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Ana Campoy

  4. Instituto Português do Mar e Atmosfera, Av. Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal

    Ana Paula Oliveira

  5. Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Luís Chícharo

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  1. Alexandre Miguel Pereira
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Correspondence to Alexandre Miguel Pereira.

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Pereira, A.M., Range, P., Campoy, A. et al. Larval hatching and development of the wedge shell (Donax trunculus L.) under increased CO2 in southern Portugal. Reg Environ Change 16, 855–864 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0803-4

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