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Low-level laser therapy affects dentinogenesis and angiogenesis of in vitro 3D cultures of dentin-pulp complex

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Abstract

To investigate the effects of gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on angiogenesis and dentinogenesis of the dentin-pulp complex in a human tooth slice-based in vitro model. Forty tooth slices were prepared from 31 human third molars. Slices were cultured at 37 °C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity and randomly assigned to one of the following groups: group I: no laser treatment, group II: 660-nm diode laser; energy density = 1 J/cm2, group III: 660-nm diode laser; energy density = 3 J/cm2, group IV: 810-nm diode laser; energy density = 1 J/cm2 and group V: 810-nm diode laser; energy density = 3 J/cm2. LLLT was applied on the third and fifth days of culture. After 7 days, tissues were retrieved for real-time RT-PCR analysis to investigate the expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, DSPP, DMP-1, and BSP in respect to controls. Lower energy density (1 J/cm2) with the 660 nm wavelength showed a statistically significant up-regulation of both angiogenic (VEGF: 15.3-folds and VEGFR2: 3.8-folds) and odontogenic genes (DSPP: 6.1-folds, DMP-1: 3-fold, and BSP: 6.7-folds). While the higher energy density (3 J/cm2) with the 810 nm wavelength resulted in statistically significant up-regulation of odontogenic genes (DSPP: 2.5-folds, DMP-1: 17.7-folds, and BSP: 7.1-folds), however, the angiogenic genes had variable results where VEGF was up-regulated while VEGFR2 was down-regulated. Low-level laser therapy could be a useful tool to promote angiogenesis and dentinogenesis of the dentin-pulp complex when parameters are optimized.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of the tissue engineering lab team at the faculty of dentistry, Alexandria University and the molecular therapeutics lab team at the faculty of science, Alexandria University for their valuable assistance in this work.

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No external funding sources to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Conservative Dentistry Department, Endodontics, Faculty of dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion Street, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt

    Hisham El Nawam, Rania El Backly & Amr Abdallah

  2. Tissue engineering labs, Faculty of dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Rania El Backly

  3. Department of biochemistry, Faculty of science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Amira Zaky

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  1. Hisham El Nawam
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Correspondence to Hisham El Nawam.

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All procedures of this study were done in accordance with the Ethics Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (IRB NO: 00010556–IORG: 0008839) and in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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El Nawam, H., El Backly, R., Zaky, A. et al. Low-level laser therapy affects dentinogenesis and angiogenesis of in vitro 3D cultures of dentin-pulp complex. Lasers Med Sci 34, 1689–1698 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02804-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02804-6

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