Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Photobiomodulation of wound healing via visible and infrared laser irradiation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lasers in Medical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fibroblast cells are known to be one of the key elements in wound healing process, which has been under the scope of research for decades. However, the exact mechanism of photobiomodulation on wound healing is not fully understood yet. Photobiomodulation of 635 and 809 nm laser irradiation at two different energy densities were investigated with two independent experiments; first, in vitro cell proliferation and then in vivo wound healing. L929 mouse fibroblast cell suspensions were exposed with 635 and 809 nm laser irradiations of 1 and 3 J/cm2 energy densities at 50 mW output power separately for the investigation of photobiomodulation in vitro. Viabilities of cells were examined by means of MTT assays performed at the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the laser irradiations. Following the in vitro experiments, 1 cm long cutaneous incisional skin wounds on Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were exposed with the same laser sources and doses in vivo. Wound samples were examined on 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of healing by means of mechanical tensile strength tests and histological examinations. MTT assay results showed that 635 nm laser irradiation of both energy densities after 24 h were found to be proliferative. One joule per square centimeter laser irradiation results also had positive effect on cell proliferation after 72 h. However, 809 nm laser irradiation at both energy densities had neither positive nor negative affects on cell viability. In vivo experiment results showed that, 635 nm laser irradiation of both energy densities stimulated wound healing in terms of tensile strength, whereas 809 nm laser stimulation did not cause any stimulative effect. The results of mechanical tests were compatible with the histological evaluations. In this study, it is observed that 635 nm laser irradiations of low energy densities had stimulative effects in terms of cell proliferation in vitro and mechanical strength of incisions in vivo. However, 809 nm laser irradiations at the same doses did not have any positive effect.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Baum CL, Arpey CJ (2005) Normal cutaneous wound healing: clinical correlation with cellular and molecular events. Dermatol Surg. 674–86.

  2. Solmaz H, Gülsoy M, Ülgen Y (2015) Biostimulative effects of 809 nm diode laser on cutaneous skin wounds. Proceedings of the SPIE; 9309: id. 93090R 7 pp

  3. Gulsoy M, Dereli Z, Tabakoglu HO, Bozkulak O (2006a) Closure of skin incisions by 980-nm diode laser welding. Lasers Med Sci 21:5–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Karu T (1999) Primary and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation on cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 49:1–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Suan LP, Bidin N, Cherng CJ, Hamid A (2014) Light-based therapy on wound healing: a review. Laser Physics. 24: 8

  6. Karu T (1989) Photobiology of low-power laser effects. Health Phys 56:691–704

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Karu T (1990) Effects of visible radiation on cultured cells. Photochem Photobiol B 52:1089–1098

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. AlGhamdi KM, Kumar A, Moussa NA (2012) Low-level laser therapy: a useful technique for enhancing the proliferation of various cultured cells. Lasers Med Sci 27:237–249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ohshiro T, Calderhead RG (1988) Low-level laser therapy: a practical introduction. Br J Surg 76(4):424

    Google Scholar 

  10. Huang YY, Aaron CHC, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR (2011) Biphasic dose response in low-level light therapy. Dose Response 9(4):602–618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Yu HS, Chang KL, Yu CL, Chen JW, Chen GS (1996) Low-energy helium-neon laser irradiation stimulates interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-8 release from cultured human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 107:593–596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bibikova A, Oron U (1993) Promotion of muscle regeneration in the toad (Bufo viridis) gastrocnemius muscle by low-energy laser irradiation. Anat Rec 235:374–380

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Conlan MJ, Rapley JW, Cobb CM (1996) Biostimulation of wound healing by low-energy laser irradiation: a review. J Clin Periodontol 23:492–496

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Basso FG, Oliveira CF, Kurachi C, Hebling J, Costa CAS (2013) Biostimulatory effect of low-level laser therapy on keratinocytes in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 28:367–374

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Basso FG, Pansani TN, Turrioni APS, Bagnato VS, Hebling J, Costa CAS, (2012) In vitro wound healing improvement by low-level laser therapy application in cultured gingival fibroblasts. Int J Dent. Article ID 719452

  16. Havel M, Betz CS, Leunig A, Sroka R (2014) Diode laser-induced tissue effects: in vitro tissue model study and in vivo evaluation of wound healing following non-contact application. Lasers Surg Med 46:449–455

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gál P, Mokrý M, Vidinský M, Kilík R, Depta F, Harakaľová M, Longauer F, Mozeš S, Sabo J (2009) Effect of equal daily doses achieved by different power densities of low-level laser therapy at 635 nm on open skin wound healing in normal and corticosteroid-treated rats. Lasers Med Sci 24:539–547

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Nascimento PM, Pinheiro AL, Salgado MA, Ramalho LM (2004) A preliminary report on the effect of laser therapy on the healing of cutaneous surgical wounds as a consequence of an inversely proportional relationship between wavelength and intensity: histological study in rats. Photomed Laser Surg 22(6):513–518

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Karu T, Afanasyeva NI, Kolyakov SF, Pyatibrat LV, Welser L (2001) Changes in absorbance of monolayer of living cells induced by laser radiation at 633, 670 and 820 nm. IEEE J Quantum Electron 7:982–988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sanati MH, Torkaman G, Hedayati M, Dizaji MM (2011) Effect of Ga–As (904 nm) and He–Ne (632.8 nm) laser on injury potential of skin full-thickness wound. J Photochem Photobiol B 103(2):180–185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hussein AJ, Alfars AA, Falih MAJ, Hassan AA (2011) Effects of a low level laser on the acceleration of wound healing in rabbits. North Am J Med Sci 3:193–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gulsoy M, Ozer GH, Bozkulak O, Tabakoglu HO, Aktas E, Deniz G, Ertan C (2006b) The biological effects of 632.8-nm low energy He–Ne laser on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. J Photochem Photobiol B 82(3):199–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Schubert EF (2003) Light emitting diodes. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chaves MEA, Araújo AR, Piancastelli ACC, Pinotti M (2014) Effects of low-power light therapy on wound healing: LASER × LED. An Bras Dermatol 89(4):616–623

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Harris DM (1991) Editorial comment biomolecular mechanisms of laser biostimulation. Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery 9(4):277–280

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lane N (2006) Cell biology: power games. Nature 443(7114):901–903

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Reddy GK, Stehno-Bittel L, Enwemeka CS (2011) Laser photostimulation accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats. Wound Repair Regen 9(3):248–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mester E, Mester AF, Mester A (1985) The biomedical effects of laser application. Lasers Surg Med 5:31–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Yaakobi T, Maltz L, Oron U (1996) Promotion of bone repair in the cortical bone of the tibia in rats by low energy laser (He-Ne) irradiation. Calcif Tissue Int 59(4):297–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Schindl A, Schindl M, Schon H, Knobler R, Havelec L, Schindl L (1998) Low-intensity laser irradiation improves skin circulation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetes Care 21:580–584

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Schindl A, Schindl M, Pernerstorfer-Schon H, Schindl L (2000) Low-intensity therapy: a review. J Investig Med 48(5):312–326

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Geldi C, Bozkulak O, Tabakoglu HO, Isci S, Kurt A, Gulsoy M (2006) Development of a surgical diode-laser system: controlling the mode of operation. Photomed Laser Surg No 6:723–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ak A, Bolukbasi Ates G, Solmaz H, Kaya O (2016) Laser light induced cytotoxicty on normal and cancer lines. Int J of Oncology and Cancer Treat. 1

  34. Hrnjak M, Kuljic-Kapulica N, Budisin A, Giser A (1995) Stimulatory effect of low-power density He-Ne laser radiation on human fibroblasts in vitro. Vojnosanit Pregl 52(6):539–546

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Boulton M, Marshall J (1986) He-Ne laser stimulation of human fibroblast proliferation and attachment in vitro. Lasers Life Sci 1(2):125–134

    Google Scholar 

  36. Quickenden T, Daniels L (1993) Attempted biostimulation of division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using red coherent light. Photochem Photobiol 57(2):272–278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Schneede P, Jelkmann W, Schramm U, Fricke H, Steinmetz M, Hofstetter A (1988) Effects of the helium-neon laser on rat kidney epithelial cells in culture. Lasers Med Sci 3:249–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Gao X, Da X (2009) Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation. J Biomed Sci 16(1):4

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Hawkins D, Abrakamse H (2005) Biological effects of helium-neon laser irradiation on normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts. Photomed Laser Sur 23:251–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cristofalo VJ, Volker C, Allen RG (2000) Use of the fibroblast model in the study of cellular senescence. Methods Mol Med 38:23–52

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lau PS, Bidin N, Krishnan G, Nassir Z, Bahktiar H (2015) Biophotonic effect of diode laser irradiance on tensile strength of diabetic rats. J Cosmet Laser Ther 17(2):86–89

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Bin L, James H, Wang C (2011) Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in wound healing: force generation and measurement. J Tissue Viability 20(4):108–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Riou JP, Cohen JR, Johnson H (1992) Factors influencing wound dehiscence. Am J Surg 163(3):324–330

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Vogel H (1974) Correlation between tensile strength and collagen content in rat skin: effect of age and cortisol treatment. Connect Tissue Res 2(3):177–182

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Santos NR, Santos JN, Reis JA, Oliveira PC, Sousa APC, Carvalho CM, Soares LG, Marques AM, Pinheiro ALB (2010) Influence of the use of laser phototherapy (660 or 790 nm) on the survival of cutaneous flaps on diabetic rats. Photomed Laser Surg 28(4):483–488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kaviani A, Djavid GE, Ataie-Fashtami L, Fateh M, Ghodsi M, Salami M, Zand N, Kashef N, Larijani B (2011) A randomized clinical trial on the effect of low-level laser therapy on chronic diabetic foot wound healing: a preliminary report. Photomed Laser Surg 29(2):109–114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kawalec JS, Hetherington VJ, Pfennigwerth TC, Dockery DS, Dolce M (2004) Effect of a diode laser on wound healing by using diabetic and nondiabetic mice. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery 43(4):214–220

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Stadler I, Lanzafame RJ, Evans R, Narayan V, Dailey B, Buehner N, Naim JO (2001) 830-nm irradiation increases the wound tensile strength in a diabetic murine model. Lasers Surg Med 28(3):220–226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Skopin MD, Molitor SC (2009) Effects of near-infrared laser exposure in a cellular model of wound healing. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine 25(2):75–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M, Vecchio D, Pam Z, Pam N, Hamblin MR (2013) Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery. Frontline Medical Communications 32:41–52

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Boğaziçi University Research Fund with the grant number 6951. The authors also would like to thank to Dr. Bora Garipcan for kindly supplying our group the opportunity to use the facilities of biomaterials laboratory, which was supported by Boğaziçi University Research Fund with the grant number 6701.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bogazici University, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kandilli Kampusu, Uskudar, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey

    Hakan Solmaz, Yekta Ulgen & Murat Gulsoy

Authors
  1. Hakan Solmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yekta Ulgen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Murat Gulsoy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hakan Solmaz.

Ethics declarations

The animal experiments were performed under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Research and Care Ethic Committee at Boğaziçi University (BUHADYEK, No: 12XD4).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Solmaz, H., Ulgen, Y. & Gulsoy, M. Photobiomodulation of wound healing via visible and infrared laser irradiation. Lasers Med Sci 32, 903–910 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2191-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2191-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation