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Integration of microfiltration and nanofiltration to promote textile effluent reuse

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Abstract

This study investigates the application of a hybrid microfiltration–nanofiltration (MF–NF) process for textile wastewater reclamation. Indigo blue dye was efficiently retained by an MF membrane, allowing its recovery from the concentrated stream. NF technology was successfully applied to polish textile effluent. The NF membrane was evaluated under different transmembrane pressure (8–15 bars), crossflow velocities (0.21–0.84 cm s−1), pH (7–11), and feed temperature (20–40 °C). The best NF performance was provided at a pressure of 12 bar and a crossflow rate of 0.63 cm s−1. The NF performance (in terms of COD, conductivity, colour, and nitrogen removal) was not influenced by pH; however, higher feed pH values resulted in increased membrane fouling. The principal cause of flux decline was due to concentration polarization. Membrane chemical cleaning was sufficient to regain the initial permeability. The NF permeate met the quality requirements for all water demands within the textile industry, while the NF concentrate could be used to wash equipment, print work screens, print paste containers, and floors. The total capital cost (CapEx) of the MF–NF system was estimated at 58,362.50 US dollars and the total operational cost (OpEx) at 0.31 US dollars per cubic metre of effluent.

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Abbreviations

A :

Filtration area

ATR-FTIR:

Fourier transform coupled total attenuated reflectance system

CP:

Concentration polarization

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

Cr:

Chrome

Cu:

Copper

D h :

Cell hydraulic diameter

D i :

Diffusion coefficient

EC:

Electrical conductivity

EDX:

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

F df :

Flux decline due to fouling

Fe:

Iron

H cc :

Hydraulic resistance after chemical cleaning

H f :

Hydraulic resistance of the fouling layer

H fr :

Reversible fouling layer

H fir :

Irreversible fouling layer

J sd :

Effluent flux

J w :

Water flux

MF:

Microfiltration

Mn:

Manganese

MWCO:

Molecular weight cut-off

NF:

Nanofiltration

Q :

Feed flow rate

Re :

Reynolds number

r int :

Logarithmic mean radius difference

R :

Rejection

R m :

Hydraulic resistance of the membrane

RR:

Recuperation Rate

SEC:

Specific energy consumption

Sc :

Schmidt number

Sh :

Sherwood number

TMP:

Transmembrane pressure

TS:

Total solids

TVS:

Total volatile solids

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

T fd :

Total flux decline

WP:

Water permeability

∆Π:

Transmembrane osmotic pressure difference

μ w :

Water viscosity

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like thank Tear Textil Ind. e Com. Ltda. for their support.

Funding

This work was supported by the Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES); associated National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG); Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG) Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil (UFMG).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.270-901, Brazil

    Carolina Fonseca Couto & Miriam Cristina Santos Amaral

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30421-169, Brazil

    Wagner Guadagnin Moravia

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  1. Carolina Fonseca Couto
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  2. Wagner Guadagnin Moravia
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  3. Miriam Cristina Santos Amaral
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Correspondence to Miriam Cristina Santos Amaral.

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Couto, C.F., Moravia, W.G. & Amaral, M.C.S. Integration of microfiltration and nanofiltration to promote textile effluent reuse. Clean Techn Environ Policy 19, 2057–2073 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-017-1388-z

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