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Detection of human enteroviruses and parechoviruses as part of the national enterovirus surveillance in the Netherlands, 1996–2011

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Abstract

Laboratories of the Dutch Working Group on Clinical Virology have routinely performed enterovirus diagnostics in the Netherlands since the early 1960s, with country-wide coverage. Enterovirus-positive samples are typed for clinical and epidemiological purposes, as well as to document the absence of poliovirus circulation. Human parechoviruses 1 and 2, initially recognized as enteroviruses, and since 2006 also the higher numbered human parechovirus types, have been detected as part of this surveillance. The purpose of this report is to describe the national enterovirus surveillance data from stool specimens collected in the Netherlands between 1996 and 2011 by all the participating laboratories. Since 2007, the average annual percentage of human enterovirus- and parechovirus-positive specimens increased from 6.5 to 10.8 % and from 0.3 to 2.5 % of the total numbers of specimens tested, respectively, following a gradual implementation of molecular diagnostics directly on clinical samples. Increased detection rates were observed for human enterovirus species A coxsackieviruses (from 0.1 to 0.5 %). Human enteroviruses of species B, C, and D were detected at average rates of 4.7, 0.04, and 0.005 %, respectively. The introduction of molecular diagnostics also resulted in an increase in the number of untyped enterovirus-positive specimens for which the presence of poliovirus was not excluded (from 1.3 to 3.1 % since 2007). To increase knowledge on human entero- and parechovirus epidemiology and type-specific pathogenesis, as well as to warrant the quality of the poliovirus surveillance in the Netherlands, it is of importance to continue the typing of enterovirus- and parechovirus-positive samples.

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Acknowledgments

We want to thank all the virologists participating in the Weekly Sentinel Surveillance System of the Dutch Working Group for Clinical Virology for collecting and providing positive diagnostic results over the whole period of study. For participating in the enterovirus surveillance activities, we acknowledge the contribution of the laboratory staff of the RIVM (Gökhan Uslu, Ron Altena, and Edin Jusic). We want to thank Erwin Duizer and Kimberley Benschop for critically reading the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Author notes

  1. S. M. G. van der Sanden

    Present address: Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Polio and Picornavirus Laboratory Branch, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    S. M. G. van der Sanden, M. P. G. Koopmans & H. G. A. M. van der Avoort

  2. Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    S. M. G. van der Sanden & M. P. G. Koopmans

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  1. S. M. G. van der Sanden
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  2. M. P. G. Koopmans
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  3. H. G. A. M. van der Avoort
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. G. A. M. van der Avoort.

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van der Sanden, S.M.G., Koopmans, M.P.G. & van der Avoort, H.G.A.M. Detection of human enteroviruses and parechoviruses as part of the national enterovirus surveillance in the Netherlands, 1996–2011. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 32, 1525–1531 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-013-1906-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-013-1906-9

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