Abstract
In the context of poliomyelitis eradication, a reinforced sentinel laboratory network for surveillance of enteroviruses (RSE) was implemented in France in January 2000, and the purpose of this report is to describe the results of the five first years of surveillance. From 2000 to 2004, the RSE laboratory network performed detailed surveillance of the circulating enteroviruses. No wild-type poliovirus was isolated from humans during the 5 years of surveillance, although two imported vaccine polioviruses were detected. During the same period, Sabin-like polioviruses were identified on five occasions in the sludge from sewage treatment plants, but no wild-type poliovirus was found. Over the 5 years of surveillance, information was collected from 192,598 clinical samples, including 39,276 cerebrospinal fluid specimens, of which 14.7% were positive for enteroviruses, 45,889 stool samples (4.3% positive for enteroviruses), 70,330 throat swabs (2.2% positive) and 14,243 sera (1.4% positive). The ten main nonpolio enteroviruses typed were as follows, in decreasing order of frequency: E-30, E-13, E-6, CV-B5, E-11, CV-B4, E-9, E-7, CV-B1, and CV-B2. During the year 2000, an outbreak of aseptic meningitis due to three main enteroviruses (echoviruses type 30, 13, and 6) was monitored. Continued surveillance of enteroviruses is important to alert physicians and public health officials to changes in disease trends. Although the geographical coverage of the RSE network as well as the percentage of enteroviruses identified must be improved, the large number of samples tested for enteroviruses shows the ability of virology laboratories to detect the circulation of enteroviruses and to report the possible identification of poliovirus (wild-type, vaccine-derived, or Sabin-like).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Melnick JL (1997) Poliovirus and other enteroviruses. In: Evans AS, Kaslow RA (eds) Viral infections of humans. Epidemiology and control. Plenum, New York, pp 583–663
Peigue-Lafeuille H (2003) Picornaviridae. In: Huraux JM, Nicolas JC, Agut H, Peigue-Lafeuille H (eds) Traité de virologie médicale. Editeur ESTEM, Paris, pp 399–405
Pallansch MA, Roos RP (2001) Enteroviruses: polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses. In: Knippe DM, Howley PM (eds) Fields virology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 723–775
Anonymous (2000) Plan d’action de la Commission Nationale de Certification de l’éradication de la Poliomyélite: actualisation du plan d’action de juin 1998. Conduite à tenir devant un cas de polio suspect ou confirmé ou devant un isolement de poliovirus. http://www.invs.sante.fr/beh/2000/004647/beh_46_47_2000.pdf. Cited 13 Nov 2000
Lerasle S (2005) Confinement des poliovirus en laboratoire. http://www.invs.sante.fr/beh/2005/39_40/beh_39_40_2005.pdf. Cited 11 Oct 2005
Antona D (2002) L’éradication des maladies infectieuses: l’exemple de la poliomyélite. Médecine/Sciences 18:55–61
Lim KA, Benyesh-Melnick M (1960) Typing of viruses by combinations of antiserum pools. Application to typing of enteroviruses (coxsackie and ECHO). J Immunol 84:309–317
Lina B, Pozzetto B, Andreoletti L, Beguier E, Bourlet T, Dussaix E, Grangeot-Keros L, Gratacap-Cavallier B, Henquell C, Legrand-Quillien MC et al (1996) Multicenter evaluating of a commercially available PCR assay for diagnosing enterovirus infection in a panel of cerebrospinal fluid specimens. J Clin Microbiol 34:3002–3006
Oberste MS, Nix WA, Maher K, Pallansch MA (2003) Improved molecular identification of enteroviruses by RT-PCR and amplicon sequencing. J Clin Virol 26:375–377
Chomel JJ, Antona D, Thouvenot D, Lina B (2003) Three ECHOvirus serotypes responsible for outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Rhone-Alpes region, France. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22:191–193
Chambon M, Archimbaud C, Bailly JL, Henquell C, Regagnon C, Charbonne F, Peigue-Lafeuille H (2001) Circulation of enteroviruses and persistence of meningitis cases in the winter of 1999–2000. J Med Virol 2:340–347
Thoelen I, Lemey P, Van Der Donck I, Beuselinck K, Lindberg AM, Van Ranst M (2003) Molecular typing and epidemiology of enteroviruses identified from an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Belgium during the summer of 2000. J Med Virol 70:420–429
Noah N, Reid F (2002) Recent increases in incidence of echoviruses 13 and 30 around Europe. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2002/020214.asp#4. Cited 14 Feb 2002
Trallero G, Casas I, Avellon A, Perez C, Tenorio A, De La Loma A (2003) First epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echovirus type 13 among Spanish children. Epidemiol Infect 130:251–256
Diedrich S, Schreier E (2001) Aseptic meningitis in Germany associated with echovirus type 13. BMC Infect Dis 1:14
Trallero G, Casas I, Tenorio A, Echevarria JE, Castellanos A, Lozano A, Brena PP (2000) Enteroviruses in Spain: virological and epidemiological studies over 10 years (1988–97). Epidemiol Infect 124:497–506
Mullins JA, Khetsuriani N, Nix WA, Oberste MS, LaMonte A, Kilpatrick DR, Dunn J, Langer J, McMinn P, Huang QS, Grimwood K, Huang C, Pallansch MA (2004) Emergence of echovirus type 13 as a prominent enterovirus. Clin Infect Dis 38:70–77
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002) Enterovirus surveillance—United States, 2000–2001. Morb Mort Wkly Rep 5146:1047–1049
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006) Enterovirus surveillance—United States, 2002–2004. Morb Mort Wkly Rep 5506:153–156
Dussart P, Cartet G, Huguet P, Lévêque N, Hajjar C, Morvan J, Vanderkerckhove J, Ferret K, Lina B, Chomel JJ, Norder N (2005) An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis during 2003 in French Guiana and Guadeloupe caused by coxsackie A24 variant: phylogenetic analysis reveals Asian import. J Med Virol 75:559–565
Oberste MS, Michele SM, Maher K, Schnurr D, Cisterna D, Junttila N, Uddin M, Chomel JJ, Lau CS, Ridha W, Al-Busaidy S, Norder H, Magnius LO, Pallansch MA (2004) Molecular identification and characterization of two proposed new enterovirus serotypes, EV74 and EV75. J Gen Virol 85:3205–3212
Oberste MS, Maher K, Michele SM, Belliot G, Uddin M, Pallansch MA (2005) Enteroviruses 76, 89, 90 and 91 represent a novel group within the species Human enterovirus A. J Gen Virol 86:445–451
Norder H, Bjerregaard L, Magnius L, Lina B, Aymard M, Chomel JJ (2003) Sequencing of “untypable” enteroviruses reveals two new types, EV-77 and EV-78, within human enterovirus type B and substitutions in the BC loop of the VP1 protein for known types. J Gen Virol 84:827–836
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the RSE participating teams in: Amiens (D. Hecquet, G Duverlie), Angers (S. Kouyoumdjian, F. Lunel-Fabiani), Annecy (B. Chanzy), Besançon (A. Coaquette, G. Herbein), Bordeaux (H. Fleury, M.E. Lafon), Brest (M.C. Legrand, B. Picard), Caen (J. Petitjean, F. Freymuth), Clermont Ferrand (C. Henquell, H. Peigue-Lafeuille), Grenoble (B. Gratacap, J.M. Seigneurin), Kremlin-Bicêtre (I. Bouillery, C. Pallier, P. Nordman), Le Havre (A. Morel), Lille (A. De Wilde, P. Wattre, D. Hober), Limoges (S. Alain, F. Denis, S. Rogez), Lyon (J.J. Chomel, N. Lévêque, B. Lina), Montpellier (M. Segondy, V. Foulongne), Nantes (S. Billaudel, M. Coste-Burel), Nice (A. Caramella, J.C. Lefebvre), Poitiers (A. Bourgoin, G. Agius), Reims (J. Carquin, L. Andreoletti, C. de Champs), Rennes (A. Depatureaux, R. Colimon), Rouen (M. Gueudin, F. Simon, C. Buffet-Janvresse), St. Etienne (O. Shabir, B. Pozzetto), Strasbourg (J.P. Gut, F. Stoll Keller), Thionville (C. Delamare, F. Hussenet), Toulouse (C. Mengelle, J. Izopet), Paris—St. Louis (C. Scieux, P. Lagrange), Paris—St. Vincent de Paul (P. Lebon), Paris—Trousseau (A. Dehée, A. Garbag-Chenon), and Paris—Val de Grâce (J. Maslin, E. Nicand, R. Teyssou). Thanks, also, to the team at the Laboratoire d’Hygiène de la Ville de Paris (S. Dubrou, D. Carlier), and special thanks to the technicians in each participating laboratory.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Antona, D., Lévêque, N., Chomel, J.J. et al. Surveillance of enteroviruses in France, 2000–2004. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26, 403–412 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-007-0306-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-007-0306-4