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Visual discrimination of rotated 3D objects in Malawi cichlids (Pseudotropheus sp.): a first indication for form constancy in fishes

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Abstract

Fish move in a three-dimensional environment in which it is important to discriminate between stimuli varying in colour, size, and shape. It is also advantageous to be able to recognize the same structures or individuals when presented from different angles, such as back to front or front to side. This study assessed visual discrimination abilities of rotated three-dimensional objects in eight individuals of Pseudotropheus sp. using various plastic animal models. All models were displayed in two choice experiments. After successful training, fish were presented in a range of transfer tests with objects rotated in the same plane and in space by 45° and 90° to the side or to the front. In one experiment, models were additionally rotated by 180°, i.e., shown back to front. Fish showed quick associative learning and with only one exception successfully solved and finished all experimental tasks. These results provide first evidence for form constancy in this species and in fish in general. Furthermore, Pseudotropheus seemed to be able to categorize stimuli; a range of turtle and frog models were recognized independently of colour and minor shape variations. Form constancy and categorization abilities may be important for behaviours such as foraging, recognition of predators, and conspecifics as well as for orienting within habitats or territories.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Slawa Braun for help with care taking of animals and maintenance of aquaria and J. Mogdans for helpful comments on the manuscript. The research reported herein was performed under the guidelines established by the current German animal protection law. Most of the experimental work presented herein was conducted by H. Strauch as part of her Diploma-Thesis at the University of Bonn.

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  1. Institute of Zoology, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelm Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    V. Schluessel, H. Kraniotakes & H. Bleckmann

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  1. V. Schluessel
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  2. H. Kraniotakes
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  3. H. Bleckmann
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Correspondence to V. Schluessel.

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Schluessel, V., Kraniotakes, H. & Bleckmann, H. Visual discrimination of rotated 3D objects in Malawi cichlids (Pseudotropheus sp.): a first indication for form constancy in fishes. Anim Cogn 17, 359–371 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0667-2

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