Abstract
Strainburst is a kind of safety concern caused by the release of elastic strain energy from surrounding rocks under a tangential stress gradient. In this paper, laboratory rockburst model tests under four different stress gradients were conducted. Based on the acoustic emission (AE) data, the influence of tangential stress gradient on the energy evolution of strainburst was studied. The results indicate that (1) by controlling the tangential stress gradient loading at the top of the specimen, the change process of tangential and radial stress gradient from surrounding rocks caused by excavation disturbance, to a large extent, can be simulated. (2) The failure phenomena and failure stress of the specimen are both related to its tangential stress gradient distribution. As the tangential stress gradient increases, the failure stress is reduced, but dynamic failure phenomena become more evident. (3) With the increase of tangential stress gradient, the accumulation period of elastic strain energy lengthens, whereas the dissipation and release periods shorten during the loading process. As the tangential stress gradient rises, when the specimen rockburst occurs, the more dramatic decrease and faster decreasing rate of AE b-value reveal the increase in the specimen’s proportion of shear failure. Also, the critical index (r) of probability density distribution shows a downward trend, which indicates that the AE energy in the low disturbance area decreases. In contrast, the AE energy span in the high disturbance area widens and the energy level becomes higher.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bauke H (2007) Parameter estimation for power-law distributions by maxi-mum likelihood methods. The European Physical Journal B 58:167–173. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2007-00219-y
Brace WF, Paulding JBW, Scholz CH (1966) Dilatancy in the fracture of crystalline rocks. J Geophys Res 71(16):3939–3953. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz071i016p03939
Brown ET, Hoek E (1978) Trends in relationships between measured in-situ stresses and depth. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 15(4):211–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(78)91227-5
Cai M, Kaiser PK, Morioka H, Minami M, Maejima T, Tasaka Y, Kurose H (2007) FLAC/PFC coupled numerical simulation of AE in large-scale underground excavations. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44(4):550–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.09.013
Castillo-Villa PO, Baró J, Planes A, Salje EKH, Sellappan P, Kriven WM, Vives E (2013) Crackling noise during failure of alumina under compression: the effect of porosity. J Phys Condens Matter 25(29):292202. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/25/29/292202
Chen ZY, Su GS, Ju JW, Jiang JQ (2019) Experimental study on energy dissipation of fragments during rockburst. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78(7):5369–5386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01463-9
Feng XT, Zhang XW, Kong R, Wang G (2016) A novel mogi type true triaxial testing apparatus and its use to obtain complete stress-strain curves of hard rocks. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(5):1649–1662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0875-y
Feng XT, Pei SF, Jiang Q, Zhou YY, Li SJ, Yao ZB (2017) Deep fracturing of the hard rock surrounding a large underground cavern subjected to high geostress: in situ observation and mechanism analysis. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50(8):2155–2175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1220-4
Gutenberg B, Richter CF (1944) Frequency of earthquakes in California. Bull Seismol Soc Am 34(4):185–188. https://doi.org/10.1038/156371a0
He MC, Jia XN, Coli M (2012) Experimental study of rockbursts in underground quarrying of carrara marble. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 52(6):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.02.006
He MC, Zhao F, Cai M (2015a) A novel experimental technique to simulate pillar burst in laboratory. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48(5):1833–1848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0687-5
He MC, LR ES, Miranda T, Zhu GL (2015b) Rockburst laboratory tests database-application of data mining techniques. Eng Geol 185:116–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.12.008
Hou GY, Li XR, Liang HY, Liang JP, Zhou MH, Cui YK (2018) Research on the proportion of high-strength gypsum material and its application in excavation unloading test of surrounding rock specimen (thick wall cylinder). Rock Soil Mech 39(S1):159–166. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.2059
Huo MZ, Xia YY, Liu XQ, Lin MQ, Wang ZD, Zhu WH (2020) Evolution characteristics of temperature fields of rockburst samples under different stress gradients. Infrared Phys Technol 109:103425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2020.103425
Kaiser PK, Yazici S, Maloney S (2001) Mining-induced stress change and consequences of stress path on excavation stability-a case study. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 38(2):167–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00038-1
Kim JS, Lee KS, Cho WJ, Choi HJ, Cho GC (2015) A comparative evaluation of stress-strain and acoustic emission methods for quantitative damage assessments of brittle rock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48(2):495–508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0590-0
Lei XL, Kusunose K, Rao MVMS, Nishizawa O, Satoh T (2000) Quasi-static fault growth and cracking in homogeneous brittle rock under triaxial compression using acoustic emission monitoring. J Geophys Res 105(B3):6127–6139. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900385
Li C, Nordlund E (1993) Experimental verification of the Kaiser effect in rocks. Rock Mech Rock Eng 26(4):333–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01027116
Li C, Mikula P, Simser B, Hebblewhite B, Joughin W, Feng XW, Xu NW (2019) Discussions on rockburst and dynamic ground support in deep mines. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 11(5):1110–1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.06.001
Liu P, Ju Y, G. Ranjith P, Zheng ZM, Chen JL (2016) Experimental investigation of the effects of heterogeneity and geostress difference on the 3D growth and distribution of hydrofracturing cracks in unconventional reservoir rocks. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 35:541-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.08.071
Liu QS, Wei L, Lei GF, Liu Q, Liu H (2018a) Experimental study on crack initiation damage strength and brittle parameter evolution of sandstone. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 40(10):1782–1789. https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201810004
Liu XX, Liang ZZ, Zhang YB, Liang P, Tian BZ (2018b) Experimental study on the monitoring of rockburst in tunnels under dry and saturated conditions using AE and infrared monitoring. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 82:517–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.08.011
Liu XQ, Xia YY, Lin MQ, Benzerzour M (2019) Experimental study of rockburst under true-triaxial gradient loading conditions. Geomechanics and Engineering 18:28–40. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.18.5.481
Mansurov VA (2001) Prediction of rockbursts by analysis of induced seismicity data. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 38(6):893–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00055-7
Peng RD, Ju Y, Gao F, Xie HP, Wang P (2014) Energy analysis on damage of coal under cyclical triaxial loading and unloading conditions. J China Coal Soc 39(02):245–252. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2013.2010
Qian QH (2014) Definition, mechanism, classification and quantitative prediction model of rock burst and rockburst. Rock Soil Mech 35(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2014.01.028
Si XF, Gong FQ (2020) Strength-weakening effect and shear-tension failure mode transformation mechanism of rockburst for fine-grained granite under triaxial unloading compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci:131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104347
Simser BP (2019) Rockburst management in Canadian hard rock mines. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 11(5):1036–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.07.005
Singh AK, Singh R, Maiti J, Kumar R, Mandal PK (2011) Assessment of mining induced stress development over coal pillars during depillaring. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 48(5):805–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.04.004
Su GS, Chen ZY, Ju JW, Jiang JQ (2017a) Influence of temperature on the strain burst characteristics of granite under true triaxial loading conditions. Eng Geol 222:38–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.03.021
Su GS, Feng XT, Wang JH, Jiang JQ, Hu LH (2017b) Experimental study of remotely triggered rockburst induced by a tunnel axial dynamic disturbance under true-triaxial conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50(8):2207–2226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1218-y
Travesset A, White RA, Dahmen KA (2002) Crackling noise, power spec-tra, and disorder-induced critical scaling. Phys Rev B 66:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.024430
Utsu T (1999) Representation and analysis of the earthquake size distribution: a historical review and some new approaches. Pure Appl Geophys 155(2-4):509–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000240050276
Wang CL, Wu AX, Lu H, Bao TC, Liu XH (2015) Predicting rockburst tendency based on fuzzy matter-element model. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 75:224–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.02.004
Xie KN, Jiang DY, Jiang X, Chen J, Wang JY, Yuan X, Zhou JP (2017) Energy distribution and criticality characteristics analysis of shale Brazilian splitting test. J China Coal Soc 42(03):613–620. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2016.0561
Zhai SB, Su GS, Yin SD, Yan SZ, Wang ZF, Yan LB (2020) Fracture evolution during rockburst under true-triaxial loading using acoustic emission monitoring. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01858-z
Zhang P, Yang CH, Wang H, Guo YT, Xu F, Hou ZK (2018) Stress-strain characteristics and anisotropy energy of shale under uniaxial compression. Rock Soil Mech 39(6):2106–2114. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2016.1824
Zhang W, Feng XT, Xiao YX, Feng GL, Yao ZB, Hu L, Niu WJ (2020) A rockburst intensity criterion based on the Geological Strength Index, experiences learned from a deep tunnel. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01774-2
Zhou H, Xu RC, Lu JJ, Zhang CQ, Meng FZ, Shen Z (2015) Study on mechanisms and physical simulation experiment of slab buckling rockburst in deep tunnel. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 34(S2):3658–3666. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.0874
Zhou J, Koopialipoor M, Li EM, Armaghani DJ (2020) Prediction of rockburst risk in underground projects developing a neuro-bee intelligent system. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79(8):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01788-w
Funding
This study is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42077228, 51504176), the financial support from The Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20110143110017), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2017-YB-022).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, X., Xia, Y., Lin, M. et al. Experimental study on the influence of tangential stress gradient on the energy evolution of strainburst. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80, 4515–4528 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02244-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02244-z