Abstract
The impacts of sea-level rise due to climate change on seawater intrusion in sloping-shore coastal unconfined aquifers are investigated. The study provides four closed-form analytical solutions for: (1) assessing the change in water-table elevation of coastal aquifers resulting from sea-level rise; (2) calculating the magnitude of the change of the saltwater inland toe migration within coastal aquifers in a context of sea-level rise; (3) measuring the change of groundwater travel times through coastal aquifers in a context of sea-level rise, and (4) calculating the change in the quantity (changes of volume) of coastal fresh groundwater resources in a context of sea-level rise. The solutions apply to Dupuit-flow type conditions considering one-dimensional horizontal flow for homogenous and isotropic unconfined aquifers recharged by constant surface infiltration and discharging to the ocean, under steady-state conditions and assuming a sharp interface of the saltwater/freshwater transition zone. Examples are provided to illustrate how to apply the new solutions and conduct sensitivity analyses of the critical parameters involved in the equations. Taking into account the angle of the shore slope, these solutions constitute new analytical tools aiming to better measure the effects of land-surface inundation and anticipate changes in groundwater resources in coastal aquifers in a context of climate change.
Résumé
Les impacts de l’élévation du niveau de la mer due au changement climatique sur l’intrusion marine dans des aquifères côtiers libres en pente sont étudiés. L’étude propose quatre solutions analytiques réduites pour: (1) l’évaluation de la variation du niveau piézométrique des aquifères côtiers résultant de l’élévation du niveau marin; (2) le calcul de l’amplitude de la variation de la migration de l’eau salée dans les terres au sein des aquifères côtiers dans un contexte de hausse du niveau marin; (3) la mesure du changement des temps de déplacement des eaux souterraines dans les aquifères côtiers dans un contexte de hausse du niveau de la mer, et (4) le calcul de la variation de la quantité (changements de volume) de ressources d’eaux souterraines douces côtières dans un contexte de hausse du niveau de la mer. Les solutions sont appliquées à des conditions d’écoulement de type Dupuit considérant un écoulement horizontal unidimensionnel pour des aquifères libres homogènes et isotropes rechargés par une infiltration de surface constante et avec une décharge en océan, dans des conditions d’écoulement permanent et en supposant une interface nette de la zone de transition eau salée / eau douce. Des exemples sont fournis pour illustrer comment appliquer les nouvelles solutions et mener des analyses de sensibilité pour les paramètres critiques impliqués dans les équations. Tenant compte de l’angle de la pente du rivage, ces solutions constituent de nouveaux outils analytiques visant à mieux mesurer les effets de l’inondation de la surface terrestre et d’anticiper les changements dans les ressources en eau souterraine dans les aquifères côtiers dans un contexte de changement climatique.
Resumen
Se investigan los impactos del ascenso del nivel del mar debido al cambio climático en la intrusión de agua de mar en acuíferos no confinados en zonas costeras con pendiente. El estudio proporciona cuatro soluciones analíticas de forma cerrada para: (1) evaluar el cambio en la elevación del nivel freático de acuíferos costeros resultante del ascenso del nivel del mar; (2) calcular la magnitud del cambio de la migración de agua salada hacia el interior del extremo de los acuíferos costeros en un contexto de aumento del nivel del mar; (3) medir el cambio de los tiempos de transporte del agua subterránea a través de los acuíferos costeros en el contexto del ascenso del nivel del mar, y (4) calcular el cambio en la cantidad (cambios de volumen) de los recursos costeros de aguas subterráneas dulces en un contexto del ascenso del nivel del mar. Las soluciones se aplican a las condiciones de flujo tipo Dupuit teniendo en cuenta el flujo horizontal en una dimensión para los acuíferos no confinados homogéneos e isotrópicos recargados por la infiltración constante desde la superficie y la descarga al mar, bajo condiciones de estado estacionario, y suponiendo una fuerte interfaz de la zona de transición de agua salada / agua dulce. Se proporcionan ejemplos para ilustrar cómo aplicar las nuevas soluciones y llevar a cabo el análisis de sensibilidad de los parámetros críticos que participan en las ecuaciones. Teniendo en cuenta el ángulo de la pendiente de la costa, estas soluciones constituyen nuevas herramientas de análisis con el objetivo de mejorar la medición der los efectos de la inundación en la superficie y anticipar cambios en los recursos de agua subterránea en los acuíferos costeros en un contexto de cambio climático.
摘要
调查了气候变化导致的海平面上升对倾斜海岸沿海非承压含水层海水入侵的影响。研究结果为(1)评价海平面上升导致的沿海含水层水位变化;(2)计算海平面上升情况下沿海含水层内海水向内陆运移入侵的变化幅度;(3)测量海平面上升情况下地下水通过沿海含水层的传输时间变化;(4)计算海平面上升情况下沿海地下淡水资源数量变化(体积变化)提供了四个封闭式解析解。鉴于稳定状态条件下受恒定地表入渗补给和排泄到海洋的均质和各向异性非承压含水层的一维水平流,及假定海水-淡水过渡带有明显的界面,解决方法适用于Dupuit-流类型条件。提供了实例以说明怎样应用新的解决方法,及对公式中关键参数进行敏感性分析。如果把海岸斜坡的坡度考虑进去,这些解决方法就构成了旨在更好测量气候变化条件下陆表洪水影响、预测沿海含水层地下水资源变化的新的解析工具。
Resumo
Os impactos do aumento do nível do mar devido às alterações climáticas sobre a intrusão de água salgada em aquíferos livres costeiros em costas declivosas são investigados. O estudo oferece quatro soluções analíticas de forma fechada para: (1) avaliar a mudança na elevação do lençol freático dos aquíferos costeiros resultantes da elevação do nível do mar; (2) calcular a magnitude da mudança da água salgada para o interior através da migração do pé da cunha salina de aquíferos costeiros, num contexto de aumento do nível do mar; (3) medir a variação de tempos de permanência das águas subterrâneas através de aquíferos costeiros, num contexto de aumento do nível do mar, e (4) o cálculo da mudança na quantidade (alterações de volume) de recursos costeiros de água doce subterrânea num contexto de aumento do nível do mar . As soluções são aplicadas para as condições de fluxo tipo Dupuit, considerando o fluxo horizontal unidimensional para aquíferos livres homogêneos e isotrópicos recarregados por infiltração superficial constante e descarga para o mar, em condições de estado estacionário e assumindo uma interface nítida da zona de transição de água salgada /água doce. Exemplos são fornecidos para ilustrar como aplicar as novas soluções e efetuar os ensaios de sensibilidade dos parâmetros críticos envolvidos nas equações. Tendo em conta o ângulo da inclinação costa, estas soluções constituem novos instrumentos de análise com o objetivo de medir melhor os efeitos da inundação de superfície terrestre e antecipar as mudanças nos recursos de água subterrânea em aquíferos costeiros, num contexto de alterações climáticas.
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Acknowledgements
The author acknowledges the financial support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada in the framework of the Individual Discovery Grant Program. Ms. Josée Kaufmann and Ms. Sue Duncan are thanked for editorial collaboration. Dr. Jiu Jimmy Jiao, Dr. Maria Pool and three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their thorough review of the manuscript and their comments which improved the manuscript.
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Chesnaux, R. Closed-form analytical solutions for assessing the consequences of sea-level rise on groundwater resources in sloping coastal aquifers. Hydrogeol J 23, 1399–1413 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1276-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1276-8