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Relationship between precipitation and water-table fluctuation in a coastal dune aquifer: northeastern coast of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina

Relation entre les précipitations et les fluctuation de la nappe phréatique dans un aquifère de dunes côtières: côte Nord-Est de la province de Buenos Aires, Argentine

Relación entre precitación y fluctuación del nivel freático en un acuífero de duna costera: costa noreste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

海岸带降水与沙丘含水层中潜水位变动的关系:以阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省东北海岸为例

Relação entre a precipitação e a flutuação do nível da água subterrânea num aquífero dunar costeiro: costa nordeste da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Abstract

The water-table fluctuation (WTF) method is one of the most widely used means to estimate aquifer recharge. In the northeastern coast of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina, the geomorphological and climatic characteristics, as well as the presence of a shallow, homogeneous unconfined aquifer, make it possible to apply this methodology. The relationship between water-table fluctuations and precipitation in a humid climate, considering its seasonal variations, is assessed. Water tables were measured monthly between February 2008 and September 2010 in a monitoring network; rainfall data were analysed. The water table rises when the accumulated precipitation between measurements is more than 53 mm/month in the dry season and more than 97 mm/month in the rainy season. The index, relating water-table fluctuations and precipitation occurring between measurements, shows that values below 0 suggest no increase in the water reserves, whereas higher values entail an increase. In the study area, where there is a lack of historical data, finding out the relationship between water-table fluctuations and precipitation will constitute a tool for groundwater use and management, and set up an early warning system for dry periods. It could also be extrapolated to other regions with similar hydrological conditions lacking in data.

Résumé

L’analyse des fluctuations du niveau de la nappe est l’un des moyens les plus couramment utilisés pour estimer la recharge des aquifères. Sur la côte Nord-Est de la province de Buenos Aires, Argentine, les caractéristiques géomorphologiques et climatiques, ainsi que la présence d’un aquifère libre peu profond et homogène permettent l’application de cette méthodologie. La relation entre les fluctuations du niveau de la nappe et les précipitations, dans un climat humide, compte tenu de ses variations saisonnières, est évaluée. Les niveaux de nappe ont été mesurés tous les mois entre Février 2008 et Septembre 2010 dans un réseau de surveillance; les données de précipitations ont été analysées. Le niveau de la nappe monte quand le cumul des précipitations mesurées dépasse 53 mm / mois en saison sèche et 97 mm / mois en saison des pluies. L’indice, qui relie les fluctuations de niveau et les précipitations qui se produisent entre les mesures, montre que les valeurs inférieures à 0 ne suggèrent aucune augmentation des réserves d’eau, tandis que des valeurs plus élevées entraînent une augmentation. Dans la zone d’étude, où il y a un manque d’historiques de données, la découverte de la relation entre les fluctuations de la nappe et les précipitations constitueront un outil pour l’utilisation et la gestion des eaux souterraines, et pour mettre en place un système d’alerte précoce pour les périodes sèches. Il pourrait également être extrapolés à d’autres régions avec des conditions hydrologiques similaires manquant de données.

Resumen

El método de la fluctuación del nivel freático (WTF) es uno de los medios más ampliamente usados para estimar la recarga en un acuífero. En el noreste de la costa de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, las características geomorfológicas y climáticas, así como la presencia de un acuífero no confinado somero y homogéneo hacen posible aplicar esta metodología. Se evalúa la relación entre las fluctuaciones del nivel freático y la precipitación en un clima húmedo, considerando sus variaciones estacionales. Se analizan los niveles freáticos, medidos mensualmente en una red de monitoreo, y la precipitación entre febrero de 2008 y septiembre de 2009. Los niveles freáticos ascienden cuando la precipitación acumulada entre mediciones es mayor a 53 mm/mes en la estación seca y mayor que 97 mm/mes en la estación lluviosa. El índice, que relaciona las fluctuaciones del nivel freático y la precipitación ocurrida entre las mediciones, muestra que valores por debajo de 0 sugieren que no se incrementan las reservas de agua, mientras que valores más altos implican un incremento. En el área de estudio, donde existe una falta de datos históricos, conocer la relación entre las fluctuaciones de los niveles freáticos y la precipitación constituye una herramienta para el uso y manejo del agua subterránea, y para establecer un sistema de alerta temprano para los períodos secos. Ello también podría ser extrapolado a otras regiones con condiciones hidrológicas similares carentes de datos.

摘要

潜水位变动法是最常用于估计含水层补给量的方法之一。在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省的东南海岸,由于地貌特征,气候特征和埋深较浅的均质潜水含水层的存在,使得应用此种方法成为可能。在湿润气候的条件下,考虑到季节变化,本文估测了潜水位变动与降水的关系。监测网记录了从2008年2月到2010年9月潜水位的变动数据,同时对降雨数据也进行了分析。在监测的时间段中,当旱季的累积降水超过53毫米/月时,潜水位升高;当雨季的累积降水超过97毫米/月时,潜水位也升高。在监测中,潜水位变动与降水所表现出的相关系数显示,低于0的值代表水量没有增加,高于0的值代表水量增加。在本文的研究区,由于缺少历史数据,所得出的潜水位变动与降水的关系将成为地下水利用与管理的工具,并且可用来建立一个旱季预警系统。这种方法也可应用于具有相似的水文条件且缺少数据的地区。

Resumo

O método da flutuação do nível freático (water-table fluctuation – WTF) é um dos mais usados para estimar a recarga dos aquíferos. Na costa nordeste da província de Buenos Aires, na Argentina, as caraterísticas geomorfológicas e climáticas, assim como a presença de um aquífero livre, homogéneo e pouco profundo, torna possível aplicar esta metodologia. É estabelecida a relação entre as flutuações do nível da água subterrânea e a precipitação num clima húmido, considerando as suas variações sazonais. Os níveis da água subterrânea foram medidos mensalmente entre fevereiro de 2008 e setembro de 2010 numa rede de monitorização e foram analisados dados da precipitação. O nível da água subterrânea sobe quando a precipitação acumulada entre medições é superior a 53 mm/mês, na estação seca, e superior a 97 mm/mês, na estação chuvosa. O índice que relaciona as flutuações do nível freático com a precipitação que cai entre medições mostra que valores abaixo de 0 sugerem que não há aumento nas reservas de água, enquanto valores mais elevados sugerem um aumento. Na área estudada, onde faltam dados históricos, descobrir a relação entre as flutuações do nível hidrostático e a precipitação irá constituir uma ferramenta para a gestão e uso da água subterrânea, e para estabelecer um sistema de alerta precoce em períodos de seca. Poderá também ser extrapolado para outras regiões com condições hidrológicas semelhantes e com falta de dados.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (National Council for Scientific and Technological Research) of Argentina for financially supporting this study by means of the grant PIP 0414/08. The authors are grateful for the valuable comments of reviewers and editors which improved the quality of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eduardo E. Kruse.

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Carretero, S.C., Kruse, E.E. Relationship between precipitation and water-table fluctuation in a coastal dune aquifer: northeastern coast of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Hydrogeol J 20, 1613–1621 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0890-y

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