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Fire Severity and Long-term Ecosystem Biomass Dynamics in Coniferous Boreal Forests of Eastern Canada

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of soil burn severity and initial tree composition on long-term forest floor dynamics and ecosystem biomass partitioning within the Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP-feathermoss bioclimatic domain of northwestern Quebec. Changes in forest floor organic matter and ecosystem biomass partitioning were evaluated along a 2,355-year chronosequence of extant stands. Dendroecological and paleoecological methods were used to determine the time since the last fire, the soil burn severity of the last fire (high vs. low severity), and the post-fire tree composition of each stand (P. mariana vs. Pinus banksiana Lamb). In this paper, soil burn severity refers to the thickness of the organic matter layer accumulated above the mineral soil that was not burned by the last fire. In stands originating from high severity fires, the post-fire dominance by Pinus banksiana or P. mariana had little effect on the change in forest floor thickness and tree biomass. In contrast, stands established after low severity fires accumulated during the first century after fire 73% thicker forest floors and produced 50% less tree biomass than stands established after high severity fires. Standing tree biomass increased until approximately 100 years after high severity fires, and then decreased at a logarithmic rate in the millennial absence of fire. Forest floor thickness also showed a rapid initial accumulation rate, and continued to increase in the millennial absence of fire at a much slower rate. However, because forest floor density increased through time, the overall rate of increase in forest floor biomass (58 g m−2 y−1) remained constant for numerous centuries after fire (700 years). Although young stands (< 200 years) have more than 60% of ecosystem biomass locked-up in living biomass, older stands (> 200 years) sequester the majority (> 80%) of it in their forest floor. The results from this study illustrate that, under similar edaphic conditions, a single gradient related to time since disturbance is insufficient to account for the full spectrum of ecosystem biomass dynamics occurring in eastern boreal forests and highlights the importance of considering soil burn severity. Although fire severity induces diverging ecosystem biomass dynamics in the short term, the extended absence of fire brings about a convergence in terms of ecosystem biomass accumulation and partitioning.

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Acknowledgements

We thank A. Larouche and H. Asnong for the laboratory analyses of forest floor monoliths and S. Chorney, M.-È. Dion, J.-F. Giroux, N. Leverence, S. Marcouiller, G. Sauzède, and É. Vincent for field assistance. Funding for this project was provided by the NSERC-UQAT-UQAM Industrial Chair in Sustainable Forest Management and the Sustainable Forest Management Network and with graduate scholarships to the lead author from le Fond d’Action Québécois pour le Développement Durable (FAQDD) and Le Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT).

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  1. Martin Simard

    Present address: Department of Zoology, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. NSERC-UQAT-UQAM Industrial Chair in sustainable forest management, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boul. de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, J9X 4E5, Canada

    Nicolas Lecomte, Martin Simard, Nicole Fenton & Yves Bergeron

  2. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Center, 1055 du PEPS, P.O. Box 3800, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 4C7, Canada

    Martin Simard

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  1. Nicolas Lecomte
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Correspondence to Nicolas Lecomte.

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

Appendix A. Site Characteristics of Stands from the Chronosequence Survey
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Lecomte, N., Simard, M., Fenton, N. et al. Fire Severity and Long-term Ecosystem Biomass Dynamics in Coniferous Boreal Forests of Eastern Canada. Ecosystems 9, 1215–1230 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0168-x

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