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Genetic profile of astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas

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Abstract

Low-grade diffuse gliomas WHO grade II (diffuse astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma) are characterized by frequent IDH1/2 mutations (>80%) that occur at a very early stage. In addition, the majority of diffuse astrocytomas (about 60%) carry TP53 mutations, which constitute a prognostic marker for shorter survival. Oligodendrogliomas show frequent loss at 1p/19q (about 70% of cases), which is associated with longer survival. With respect to clinical outcome, molecular classification on the basis of IDH1/2 mutations, TP53 mutations, and 1p/19q loss showed a predictive power similar to histological classification. IDH1/2 mutations are frequent (>80%) in secondary glioblastomas that have progressed from low-grade or anaplastic astrocytomas. Primary (de novo) glioblastomas with IDH1/2 mutations are very rare (<5%); they show an age distribution and genetic profile similar to secondary glioblastomas and are probably misclassified. Using the presence of IDH1/2 mutations as a diagnostic criterion, secondary glioblastomas account for approximately 10% of all glioblastomas. IDH1/2 mutations are the most significant predictor of favorable outcome of glioblastoma patients. The high frequency of IDH1/2 mutations in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and secondary glioblastomas derived thereof suggests these tumors share a common progenitor cell population. The absence of this molecular marker in primary glioblastomas suggests a different cell of origin; both glioblastoma subtypes acquire a similar histological phenotype as a result of common genetic alterations, including the loss of tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 10q.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Pathology Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France

    Hiroko Ohgaki

  2. Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland

    Paul Kleihues

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  1. Hiroko Ohgaki
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  2. Paul Kleihues
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Correspondence to Hiroko Ohgaki.

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Ohgaki, H., Kleihues, P. Genetic profile of astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 28, 177–183 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10014-011-0029-1

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