Abstract
Cobalt oxide (Co3O4), a transition metal oxide known for its favourable capacitive properties and surface characteristics, is a promising candidate for electrode materials in supercapacitive energy storage applications. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized through the hydrothermal method at varying synthesis temperatures, focusing on their structural, optical, electrochemical, and surface properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the cubic spinel structure of Co3O4, while Raman spectroscopy verified the phase composition of the nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy offered insights into the near-surface chemistry of the synthesized material. The study determined two direct bandgaps of Co3O4 through absorption spectra and Tauc plots. To assess surface morphology and particle size distribution, field-emitting scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed. Electrochemical investigations involved cyclic voltammetry and Nyquist plots, while galvanostatic charge–discharge tests demonstrated a specific capacitance (\({C}_{sp}\)) of 450 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1. Impedance analysis indicated favourable capacitive behaviour with low charge transfer resistance. Furthermore, the study observed cyclic stability with a capacitive retention rate exceeding 88% at a current density of 20 Ag−1 over 10,000 cycles. The paper also discusses the capacitive and diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanisms at lower scan rates, emphasizing the potential of Co3O4 nanoparticles as the electrode material in the development of supercapacitor devices.
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Acknowledgements
The research done was supported by the Centre for Advanced Research (CARD), Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka.
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The authors would like to thank Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore for the internal project under the Seed Money Scheme (SMSS-2218).
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CRB: conceptualization, methodology, validation, writing—original draft. AVA: review and editing. SS: analysing and reviewing. EIA: supervision, writing—review and editing.
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Babu, C.R., Avani, A.V., Shaji, S. et al. Electrochemical characteristics of Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal approach for supercapacitor applications. J Solid State Electrochem (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-023-05744-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-023-05744-y